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The Rise of Iskander
The Rise of Iskander

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Rise of Iskander is here in full — 24 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Rise of Iskander
Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Turks were massacred by thousands.
Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.
The hills were covered with the fugitives and their pursuers.
Some fled also to the seashore, where the Turkish fleet was at anchor.
The plain was strewn with corpses and arms, and tents and standards.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Rise of Iskander

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Rise of Iskander is here in full — 24 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Turks were massacred by thousands.
/ðə tɜːrks wɜːr ˈmæsəkərd baɪ ˈθaʊzəndz/
Line 2
Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.
Line 3
The hills were covered with the fugitives and their pursuers.
/ðə hɪlz wɜːr ˈkʌvərd wɪð ðə ˈfjuːdʒɪtɪvz ənd ðer pərˈsuːərz/
Line 4
Some fled also to the seashore, where the Turkish fleet was at anchor.
/sʌm fled ˈɔːlsoʊ tuː ðə ˈsiːʃɔːr wer ðə ˈtɜːrkɪʃ fliːt wɑːz æt ˈæŋkər/
Line 5
The plain was strewn with corpses and arms, and tents and standards.
/ðə pleɪn wɑːz struːn wɪð ˈkɔːrpsəz ənd ɑːrmz ənd tents ənd ˈstændərdz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

corpses noun US /ˈkɔːrpsəz/

plural of “corps” — an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading “The plain was strewn with corpses and arms, and tents and standards.”

fugitives noun US /ˈfjuːdʒɪtɪvz/

plural of “fugitive” — someone who flees from an uncongenial situation

From this reading “The hills were covered with the fugitives and their pursuers.”

massacred verb US /ˈmæsəkərd/

past form of “massacre” — kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading “The Turks were massacred by thousands.”

pursuers noun US /pərˈsuːərz/

plural of “pursuer” — a person who is pursuing and trying to overtake or capture

From this reading “The hills were covered with the fugitives and their pursuers.”

seashore noun US /ˈsiːʃɔːr/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading “Some fled also to the seashore, where the Turkish fleet was at anchor.”

standards noun US /ˈstændərdz/

plural of “standard” — a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated

From this reading “The plain was strewn with corpses and arms, and tents and standards.”

strewn verb US /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading “The plain was strewn with corpses and arms, and tents and standards.”

Turks noun US /tɜːrks/

plural of “turk” — a native or inhabitant of Turkey

From this reading “The Turks were massacred by thousands.”

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Some fled also to the seashore, where the Turkish fleet was at anchor.

anchornounUS /ˈæŋkər/

a mechanical device that prevents a vessel from moving

From this reading Some fled also to the seashore, where the Turkish fleet was at anchor.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading The plain was strewn with corpses and arms, and tents and standards.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Some fled also to the seashore, where the Turkish fleet was at anchor.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Turks were massacred by thousands.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

corpsesnounUS /ˈkɔːrpsəz/

plural of “corps” — an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading The plain was strewn with corpses and arms, and tents and standards.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The hills were covered with the fugitives and their pursuers.

dispersedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspɜːrst/

distributed or spread over a considerable extent

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

eunuchs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

fledverbUS /fled/

inflected form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

fleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading Some fled also to the seashore, where the Turkish fleet was at anchor.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

fugitivesnounUS /ˈfjuːdʒɪtɪvz/

plural of “fugitive” — someone who flees from an uncongenial situation

From this reading The hills were covered with the fugitives and their pursuers.

guardsnounUS /ɡɑːrdz/

plural of “guard” — a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The hills were covered with the fugitives and their pursuers.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

Mahomed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

massacredverbUS /ˈmæsəkərd/

past form of “massacre” — kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading The Turks were massacred by thousands.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

Pachas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading The plain was strewn with corpses and arms, and tents and standards.

pursuersnounUS /pərˈsuːərz/

plural of “pursuer” — a person who is pursuing and trying to overtake or capture

From this reading The hills were covered with the fugitives and their pursuers.

seashorenounUS /ˈsiːʃɔːr/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Some fled also to the seashore, where the Turkish fleet was at anchor.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some fled also to the seashore, where the Turkish fleet was at anchor.

standardsnounUS /ˈstændərdz/

plural of “standard” — a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated

From this reading The plain was strewn with corpses and arms, and tents and standards.

strewnverbUS /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading The plain was strewn with corpses and arms, and tents and standards.

tentsnounUS /tents/

plural of “tent” — a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading The plain was strewn with corpses and arms, and tents and standards.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Turks were massacred by thousands.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The hills were covered with the fugitives and their pursuers.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The Turks were massacred by thousands.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

TurkishadjectiveUS /ˈtɜːrkɪʃ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Turkey or its people or language

From this reading Some fled also to the seashore, where the Turkish fleet was at anchor.

TurksnounUS /tɜːrks/

plural of “turk” — a native or inhabitant of Turkey

From this reading The Turks were massacred by thousands.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Turks were massacred by thousands.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Some fled also to the seashore, where the Turkish fleet was at anchor.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Mahomed, when he found that all was lost, fled to the mountains, with a train of guards and eunuchs, and left the care of his dispersed host to his Pachas.

Chapter 20 of The Rise of Iskander by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli holds 24 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Rise of Iskander contain?

Chapter 20 holds 24 sentences of The Rise of Iskander, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Rise of Iskander by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 24 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Rise of Iskander?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Rise of Iskander

Common questions about reading The Rise of Iskander by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Rise of Iskander?

Yes. All 1387 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7842 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Rise of Iskander is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7842, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Rise of Iskander take to read?

About 115 minutes of reading across 278 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Rise of Iskander section by section

How to work through The Rise of Iskander section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Rise of Iskander to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Rise of Iskander

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Rise of Iskander, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Iskander
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rise of Iskander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Youngest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rise of Iskander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prince
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rise of Iskander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Epirus
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rise of Iskander; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.