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The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle
The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."
Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.
In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.
The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.
"Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."
Line 2
Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.
Line 3
In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.
Line 4
The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.
Line 5
"Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Benedictine noun US /ˌbenəˈdɪktin/

a monk or nun belonging to the order founded by Saint Benedict

From this reading “"Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."”

Church's noun US /ˈtʃɜːrtʃəz/

possessive form of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

cowl noun US /kaʊl/

protective covering consisting of a metal part that covers the engine

From this reading “Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.”

dedication noun US /ˌdedəˈkeɪʃən/

complete and wholehearted fidelity

From this reading “"Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.”

latter's noun US /ˈlætərz/

possessive form of “latter” — the second of two or the second mentioned of two

monastic adjective US /məˈnæstɪk/

of communal life sequestered from the world under religious vows

From this reading “Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.”

Reformed adjective US /rɪˈfɔːrmd/

of or relating to the body of Protestant Christianity arising during the Reformation; used of some Protestant churches especially Calvinist as distinct from Lutheran

From this reading “"Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."”

Vigils noun US /ˈvɪdʒəlz/

plural of “vigil” — a period of sleeplessness

From this reading “"Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

massive gold adjective + noun

In this reading “In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.”

deadly enemy adjective + noun

In this reading “The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.”

black robe adjective + noun

In this reading “Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.”

well known adverb + adjective

In this reading “The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.”

sad history adjective + noun

In this reading “The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.”

left hand noun + noun

the hand that is on the left side of the body

In this reading “In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.”

worn by verb + particle

In this reading “Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.”

Most Holy adverb + adjective

In this reading “"Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

abbessnoun

the superior of a group of nuns

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

abbeynounUS /ˈæbi/

a church associated with a monastery or convent

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

AboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

adornedadjectiveUS /əˈdɔːrnd/

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

austereadjectiveUS /ɔːˈstɪr/

severely simple

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

Bedford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

BenedictinenounUS /ˌbenəˈdɪktin/

a monk or nun belonging to the order founded by Saint Benedict

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

cheeknounUS /tʃiːk/

either side of the face below the eyes

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

ChristnounUS /kraɪst/

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

Church'snounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃəz/

possessive form of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

cordialitynoun

a cordial disposition

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

cowlnounUS /kaʊl/

protective covering consisting of a metal part that covers the engine

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

deadlyadjectiveUS /ˈdedli/

causing or capable of causing death

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

dedicationnounUS /ˌdedəˈkeɪʃən/

complete and wholehearted fidelity

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

ecclesiasticaladjectiveUS /ɪˌkliːziˈæstɪkəl/

of or associated with a church (especially a Christian Church)

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

fingerverbUS /ˈfɪŋɡər/

feel or handle with the fingers

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

garbnounUS /ɡɑːrb/

clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

Helenstowe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

HolynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

hoodnounUS /hʊd/

an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

latter'snounUS /ˈlætərz/

possessive form of “latter” — the second of two or the second mentioned of two

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

Margaret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

massiveadjectiveUS /ˈmæsɪv/

imposing in size or bulk or solidity

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

monasticadjectiveUS /məˈnæstɪk/

of communal life sequestered from the world under religious vows

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

monksnounUS /mʌŋks/

plural of “monk” — a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

nunsnounUS /nʌnz/

plural of “nun” — a woman religious

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

pastoraladjectiveUS /ˈpæstərəl/

of or relating to a pastor

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

penitencenoun

remorse for your past conduct

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

pitynounUS /ˈpɪti/

a feeling of sympathy and sorrow for the misfortunes of others

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

quenchedadjective

allayed

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

ReformedadjectiveUS /rɪˈfɔːrmd/

of or relating to the body of Protestant Christianity arising during the Reformation; used of some Protestant churches especially Calvinist as distinct from Lutheran

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

rigidadjectiveUS /ˈrɪdʒəd/

incapable of or resistant to bending

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

ringverbUS /rɪŋ/

sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

robenounUS /roʊb/

any loose flowing garment

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

scapularynoun

garment consisting of a long wide piece of woolen cloth worn over the shoulders with an opening for the head; part of a monastic habit

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

spareverbUS /sper/

refrain from harming

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

spousenounUS /spaʊs/

a person's partner in marriage

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

staffnounUS /stæf/

personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

symbolnounUS /ˈsɪmbəl/

an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

sympathynounUS /ˈsɪmpəθi/

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading In her right hand she carried her pastoral staff, and the third finger of her left hand was adorned by a massive gold ring--the symbol of her profession as the spouse of Christ.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

TrinitynounUS /ˈtrɪnəti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

VigilsnounUS /ˈvɪdʒəlz/

plural of “vigil” — a period of sleeplessness

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The abbess advanced to meet Lady Margaret with much cordiality, for the latter’s sad history was well known to her; and all persons of whatever ecclesiastical degree who were acquainted with it felt sympathy and pity for her who was the wife, against her will, of the Church’s deadly enemy.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading Above the long black robe and the scapulary, which formed the ordinary monastic dress of Benedictine nuns, she wore a cowl or hood similar to that used by the monks of the order and worn by the nuns in church.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Lady of Bedford Castle," she said, "you are welcome to our abbey of Helenstowe, and to the protection of Our Lady and the Most Holy Trinity,"--for it was by this latter dedication that the house was then known.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading "Black was her garb, her rigid rule Reformed on Benedictine school; Her cheek was pale, her form was spare; Vigils and penitence austere Had early quenched the light of youth."

Chapter 2 of The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle by A. J. Foster holds 437 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle contain?

Chapter 2 holds 437 sentences of The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle by A. J. Foster exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 437 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 2196 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44374 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #44374, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 183 minutes of reading across 440 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Banks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bletsoe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Manor-house
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Aliva
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Robber Baron of Bedford Castle; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.