Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2
The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WATCHTOWER OF USELLA.
Our castle’s strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.
MACBETH.
The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.
Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WATCHTOWER OF USELLA.
Line 2
Our castle’s strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.
/ˈaʊər ˈkæsəlz streŋkθ wɪl læf ə siːdʒ tuː skɔːrn/
Line 3
MACBETH.
/məkˈbeθ/
Line 4
The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.
Line 5
Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.
/sʌm hæd bɪn dɪˈstrɔɪd ɪn ðə ˈbɔːrdər wɔːrz ʌv ðə ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl ˈpetiː traɪbz wɪtʃ er ðə ˈroʊmənz bɪˈkeɪm ˈmæstərz ʌv ðə pəˈnɪnsələ dɪˈvaɪdɪd əˈmʌŋ ðemˈselvz ðæt ˈpɔːrʃən ʌv ˈɪtəli ənd held ɪt ɪn kənˈtɪnjuːəl ˈtɜːrmɔɪl wɪð ðer ˌɪnˈsesənt wɔːrz ənd ˈfɔːreɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

castle's noun US /ˈkæsəlz/

possessive form of “castle” — a large and stately mansion

forays noun US /ˈfɔːreɪz/

plural of “foray” — a sudden short attack

From this reading “Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.”

jutting adjective US /ˈdʒʌtɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading “The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.”

legionaries noun US /ˈliːdʒəneriz/

plural of “legionary” — a soldier who is a member of a legion (especially the French Foreign Legion)

From this reading “The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.”

macbeth noun US /məkˈbeθ/

king of Scotland (died in 1057)

From this reading “MACBETH.”

olden adjective US /ˈoʊldən/

relating to time long past

From this reading “The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.”

peninsula noun US /pəˈnɪnsələ/

a large mass of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading “Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.”

structures noun US /ˈstrʌktʃərz/

plural of “structure” — a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading “The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Our castle’s strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

Appennines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

bordernounUS /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

Caius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

castle'snounUS /ˈkæsəlz/

possessive form of “castle” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading Our castle’s strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.

continualadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəl/

recurring regularly or frequently in a prolonged and closely spaced series

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

cragsnounUS /kræɡz/

plural of “crag” — a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

Crispus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

foraysnounUS /ˈfɔːreɪz/

plural of “foray” — a sudden short attack

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

gangnounUS /ɡæŋ/

an association of criminals

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

incessantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsesənt/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

innumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

isolatedadjectiveUS /ˈaɪsəleɪtəd/

not close together in time

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

juttingadjectiveUS /ˈdʒʌtɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

laughnounUS /læf/

the sound of laughing

From this reading Our castle’s strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.

legionariesnounUS /ˈliːdʒəneriz/

plural of “legionary” — a soldier who is a member of a legion (especially the French Foreign Legion)

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

MACBETHnounUS /məkˈbeθ/

king of Scotland (died in 1057)

From this reading MACBETH.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WATCHTOWER OF USELLA.

oldenadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldən/

relating to time long past

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our castle’s strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.

passesnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

peninsulanounUS /pəˈnɪnsələ/

a large mass of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

perchedverbUS /pɜːrtʃt/

past form of “perch” — sit, as on a branch

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

pettyadjectiveUS /ˈpetiː/

inferior in rank or status

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

refugenounUS /ˈrefjuːdʒ/

a safe place

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

scornnounUS /skɔːrn/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading Our castle’s strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.

siegenounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading Our castle’s strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Our castle’s strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.

structuresnounUS /ˈstrʌktʃərz/

plural of “structure” — a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

summitsnounUS /ˈsʌmɪts/

plural of “summit” — the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WATCHTOWER OF USELLA.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Our castle’s strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

turmoilnounUS /ˈtɜːrmɔɪl/

a violent disturbance

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

USELLA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WATCHTOWER OF USELLA.

utterverbUS /ˈʌtər/

articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

warsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

WATCHTOWERnoun

an observation tower for a lookout to watch over prisoners or watch for fires or enemies

From this reading THE WATCHTOWER OF USELLA.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The watchtower in which Caius Crispus and his gang had taken refuge from the legionaries, was one of those small isolated structures, many of which had been perched in the olden time on the summits of the jutting crags, or in the passes of the Appennines, but most of which had fallen long before into utter ruin.

Willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Our castle’s strength Will laugh a siege to scorn.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Some had been destroyed in the border wars of the innumerable petty tribes, which, ere the Romans became masters of the peninsula, divided among themselves that portion of Italy, and held it in continual turmoil with their incessant wars and forays.

Chapter 16 of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 by Henry William Herbert holds 196 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 contain?

Chapter 16 holds 196 sentences of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 by Henry William Herbert exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 196 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2

Common questions about reading The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 by Henry William Herbert on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2?

Yes. All 3394 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25096 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25096, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 take to read?

About 282 minutes of reading across 679 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 section by section

How to work through The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cicero
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cataline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Republic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Roman Traitor, Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.