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The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known
The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
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AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.
This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.
To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.
To complete our sales we were compelled to import the material and thus became importers.
With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.
Line 2
This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.
/ðɪs pəˈzɪʃən wɑːz ˈrɪli fɔːrst ɑːn ʌs baɪ ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz bɪˈɑːnd ˈaʊər kənˈtroʊl/
Line 3
To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.
/tuː prəˈtekt aʊərˈselvz frʌm lɔːs ɪn ˈaʊər seɪlz fɔːr ˈlʌndən əˈkaʊnt wiː hæd tuː teɪk frʌm taɪm tuː taɪm æn ˈɪntrəst ɪn ðə ˈmɑːrkət ənd ðɪs meɪd ʌs ˈdiːlərz/
Line 4
To complete our sales we were compelled to import the material and thus became importers.
/tuː kəmˈpliːt ˈaʊər seɪlz wiː wɜːr kəmˈpeld tuː ˌɪmˈpɔːrt ðə məˈtɪriəl ənd ðʌs bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪmˈpɔːrtərz/
Line 5
With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bankers noun US /ˈbæŋkərz/

plural of “banker” — a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading “With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.”

brokers noun US /ˈbroʊkərz/

plural of “broker” — a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission

From this reading “AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.”

dealer noun US /ˈdiːlər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading “AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.”

dealers noun US /ˈdiːlərz/

plural of “dealer” — someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading “To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.”

importer noun US /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtər/

someone whose business involves importing goods from outside (especially from a foreign country)

From this reading “AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.”

importers noun US /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtərz/

plural of “importer” — someone whose business involves importing goods from outside (especially from a foreign country)

From this reading “To complete our sales we were compelled to import the material and thus became importers.”

nominally adverb US /ˈnɑːmənəli/

in name only

From this reading “AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.”

sales noun US /seɪlz/

income (at invoice values) received for goods and services over some given period of time

From this reading “To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1888

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

1889

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

bankersnounUS /ˈbæŋkərz/

plural of “banker” — a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading To complete our sales we were compelled to import the material and thus became importers.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.

brokersnounUS /ˈbroʊkərz/

plural of “broker” — a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading To complete our sales we were compelled to import the material and thus became importers.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading To complete our sales we were compelled to import the material and thus became importers.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

controlnounUS /kənˈtroʊl/

power to direct or determine

From this reading This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.

creditnounUS /ˈkredət/

approval

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

DEALERnounUS /ˈdiːlər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

dealersnounUS /ˈdiːlərz/

plural of “dealer” — someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

firmlyadverbUS /ˈfɜːrmli/

with resolute determination

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

importnounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrt/

commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country

From this reading To complete our sales we were compelled to import the material and thus became importers.

IMPORTERnounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtər/

someone whose business involves importing goods from outside (especially from a foreign country)

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

importersnounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtərz/

plural of “importer” — someone whose business involves importing goods from outside (especially from a foreign country)

From this reading To complete our sales we were compelled to import the material and thus became importers.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

marketnounUS /ˈmɑːrkət/

the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading To complete our sales we were compelled to import the material and thus became importers.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

nominallyadverbUS /ˈnɑːmənəli/

in name only

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

protectverbUS /prəˈtekt/

shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.

salesnounUS /seɪlz/

income (at invoice values) received for goods and services over some given period of time

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading To complete our sales we were compelled to import the material and thus became importers.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To protect ourselves from loss in our sales for London account we had to take from time to time an interest in the market and this made us dealers.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This position was really forced on us by circumstances beyond our control.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading AN IMPORTER AND DEALER While during 1888 we were nominally brokers, a considerable portion of our business was actually in the nature of that of an importer and dealer.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading With the opening of the year 1889 we found ourselves possessed of fairly large capital and a firmly established credit with bankers.

Chapter 20 of The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known by William Ingraham Russell holds 96 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known contain?

Chapter 20 holds 96 sentences of The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known by William Ingraham Russell exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 96 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #6163, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 201 minutes of reading across 484 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Brooklyn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mother's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Family
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dutch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance and Tragedy of a Widely Known; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.