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The romance of excavation
The romance of excavation

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The romance of excavation is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
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When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.
The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.
They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.
They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.
What else was there to discover?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The romance of excavation

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The romance of excavation is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.
Line 2
The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.
Line 3
They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.
/ðeɪ hæd dʌn soʊ mʌtʃ ðemˈselvz ðæt ðer siːmd ˈlɪtəl mɔːr fɔːr hɪm tuː duː/
Line 4
They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.
Line 5
What else was there to discover?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

delving verb US /ˈdelvɪŋ/

-ing form of “delve” — turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading “The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.”

Egypt noun US /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading “When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.”

Egyptian noun US /ɪˈdʒɪpʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Egypt

From this reading “They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.”

Flinders noun US /ˈflɪndərz/

British explorer who mapped the Australian coast (1774-1814)

From this reading “When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.”

nations noun US /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.”

revolution noun US /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading “The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.”

statues noun US /ˈstætʃuːz/

plural of “statue” — a sculpture representing a human or animal

From this reading “They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.”

tombs noun US /tuːmz/

plural of “tomb” — a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading “They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twenty-seven years noun + noun

In this reading “When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.”

five thousand noun + noun

In this reading “They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.”

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.”

thousand years noun + noun

In this reading “They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.”

other nations adjective + noun counted as “other nation”

In this reading “The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.”

older men adjective + noun

In this reading “The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.”

set foot verb + noun

In this reading “When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.”

smiled at verb + particle counted as “smile at”

In this reading “The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

bringingnounUS /ˈbrɪŋɪŋ/

the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail)

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

delvingverbUS /ˈdelvɪŋ/

-ing form of “delve” — turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading What else was there to discover?

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

EgyptnounUS /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

EgyptiannounUS /ɪˈdʒɪpʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Egypt

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What else was there to discover?

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

FlindersnounUS /ˈflɪndərz/

British explorer who mapped the Australian coast (1774-1814)

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

new-comer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

papyri

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

Petrie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

revolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

smiledverbUS /smaɪld/

past form of “smile” — change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

statuesnounUS /ˈstætʃuːz/

plural of “statue” — a sculpture representing a human or animal

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They had done so much themselves that there seemed little more for him to do.

tombsnounUS /tuːmz/

plural of “tomb” — a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

twenty-sevennoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-six and one

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading They had found tombs and statues and papyri that took them back some five thousand years to what they thought was the beginning of Egyptian history.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The older men of other nations who had spent their lives delving in the past smiled at the idea of the new-comer bringing about a revolution in the work they knew so well.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading When Professor Flinders Petrie first set foot in Egypt he was a young man, only twenty-seven years of age.

Chapter 4 of The romance of excavation by David Masters holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The romance of excavation contain?

Chapter 4 holds 103 sentences of The romance of excavation, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The romance of excavation by David Masters exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The romance of excavation?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The romance of excavation

Common questions about reading The romance of excavation by David Masters on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The romance of excavation?

Yes. All 1902 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70981 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The romance of excavation is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70981, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The romance of excavation take to read?

About 158 minutes of reading across 381 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The romance of excavation section by section

How to work through The romance of excavation section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The romance of excavation to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The romance of excavation

Words and structures a reader meets early in The romance of excavation, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Displayed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.