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The romance of excavation
The romance of excavation

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The romance of excavation is here in full — 122 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
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To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.
People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.
They had vanished utterly from the face of the earth.
Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.
The rivers Tigris and Euphrates flowed through deserts.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The romance of excavation

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The romance of excavation is here in full — 122 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.
/tuː wɪˈðɪn ə fjuː jɪrz ʌv ðə ˈmɪdəl ʌv ðə ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri ˈbæbəlɑːn ənd əˈsɪriə wɜːr ˈoʊnli neɪmz/
Line 2
People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.
/ˈpiːpəl red əˈbaʊt ðem ɪn ðə ˈbaɪbəl bʌt noʊ ˈvɪzəbəl treɪs rɪˈmeɪnd/
Line 3
They had vanished utterly from the face of the earth.
/ðeɪ hæd ˈvænɪʃt ˈʌtərli frʌm ðə feɪs ʌv ðə ɜːrθ/
Line 4
Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.
Line 5
The rivers Tigris and Euphrates flowed through deserts.
/ðə ˈrɪvərz ˈtaɪɡrəs ənd juːˈfreɪtiz floʊd θruː ˈdezərts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Assyria noun US /əˈsɪriə/

an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia which is in present-day Iraq

From this reading “To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.”

Euphrates noun US /juːˈfreɪtiz/

a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia

From this reading “The rivers Tigris and Euphrates flowed through deserts.”

figments noun US /ˈfɪɡmɪnts/

plural of “figment” — a contrived or fantastic idea

From this reading “Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.”

imaginations noun US /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “imagination” — the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading “Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.”

myths noun US /mɪθs/

plural of “myth” — a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

From this reading “Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.”

scribes noun US /skraɪbz/

plural of “scribe” — French playwright (1791-1861)

From this reading “Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.”

thinkers noun US /ˈθɪŋkərz/

plural of “thinker” — an important intellectual

From this reading “Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.”

Tigris noun US /ˈtaɪɡrəs/

an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River

From this reading “The rivers Tigris and Euphrates flowed through deserts.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

nineteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.”

few years adjective + noun

In this reading “To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.”

read about verb + particle

In this reading “People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

AssyrianounUS /əˈsɪriə/

an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia which is in present-day Iraq

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

BabylonnounUS /ˈbæbəlɑːn/

the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capital of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

BiblenounUS /ˈbaɪbəl/

the sacred writings of the Christian religions

From this reading People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

desertsnounUS /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading The rivers Tigris and Euphrates flowed through deserts.

distortedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɔːrtəd/

so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading They had vanished utterly from the face of the earth.

EuphratesnounUS /juːˈfreɪtiz/

a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia

From this reading The rivers Tigris and Euphrates flowed through deserts.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading They had vanished utterly from the face of the earth.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

figmentsnounUS /ˈfɪɡmɪnts/

plural of “figment” — a contrived or fantastic idea

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading The rivers Tigris and Euphrates flowed through deserts.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They had vanished utterly from the face of the earth.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They had vanished utterly from the face of the earth.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

imaginationsnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “imagination” — the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

mythsnounUS /mɪθs/

plural of “myth” — a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

questionedverbUS /ˈkwestʃənd/

past form of “question” — challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.

riversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The rivers Tigris and Euphrates flowed through deserts.

scribesnounUS /skraɪbz/

plural of “scribe” — French playwright (1791-1861)

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had vanished utterly from the face of the earth.

thinkersnounUS /ˈθɪŋkərz/

plural of “thinker” — an important intellectual

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The rivers Tigris and Euphrates flowed through deserts.

TigrisnounUS /ˈtaɪɡrəs/

an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River

From this reading The rivers Tigris and Euphrates flowed through deserts.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

tracenounUS /treɪs/

a just detectable amount

From this reading People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.

utterlyadverbUS /ˈʌtərli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading They had vanished utterly from the face of the earth.

vanishedadjectiveUS /ˈvænɪʃt/

having passed out of existence

From this reading They had vanished utterly from the face of the earth.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading People read about them in the Bible, but no visible trace remained.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Some thinkers, who knew how stories become distorted by the passage of time, questioned if such places ever existed, whether they were not just myths, the figments of the imaginations of some ancient scribes.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading To within a few years of the middle of the nineteenth century, Babylon and Assyria were only names.

Chapter 11 of The romance of excavation by David Masters holds 122 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The romance of excavation contain?

Chapter 11 holds 122 sentences of The romance of excavation, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The romance of excavation by David Masters exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 122 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The romance of excavation?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The romance of excavation

Common questions about reading The romance of excavation by David Masters on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The romance of excavation?

Yes. All 1902 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70981 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The romance of excavation is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70981, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The romance of excavation take to read?

About 158 minutes of reading across 381 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The romance of excavation section by section

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The romance of excavation

Words and structures a reader meets early in The romance of excavation, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Displayed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.