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The romance of excavation
The romance of excavation

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The romance of excavation is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.
Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.
It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.
Layard did not hesitate for a moment.
He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The romance of excavation

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The romance of excavation is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.
Line 2
Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.
Line 3
It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.
/ɪt wɑːz ə ˈtrɪviəl sʌm wɪð wɪtʃ tuː stɑːrt ˈekskəveɪtɪŋ ðə maʊndz ʌv ðə ˈtaɪɡrəs ənd nɑːt ˈmeni men wʊd hæv ˈʌndərteɪkən ðə wɜːrk wɪð soʊ ˈlɪtəl ˈmʌni bɪˈhaɪnd ðem/
Line 4
Layard did not hesitate for a moment.
Line 5
He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.
/hiː left ˌkɑːnstæntəˈnoʊpəl wɪˈθaʊt ˈbriːðɪŋ ə wɜːrd əˈbaʊt hɪz ˌɪnˈtentʃənz ənd ɪn les ðæn ə ˈfɔːrtnaɪt wɑːz bæk ɪn ˈmoʊsəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Canning verb US /ˈkænɪŋ/

inflected form of “can” — preserve in a can or tin

From this reading “Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.”

Constantinople noun US /ˌkɑːnstæntəˈnoʊpəl/

the largest city and former capital of Turkey

From this reading “Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.”

excavating verb US /ˈekskəveɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “excavate” — recover through digging

From this reading “It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.”

impelled adjective US /ˌɪmˈpeld/

urged or forced to action through moral pressure

From this reading “Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.”

Mosul noun US /ˈmoʊsəl/

a city in northern Iraq on the Tigris across from the ruins of Nineveh

From this reading “He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.”

mounds noun US /maʊndz/

plural of “mound” — (baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands

From this reading “It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.”

proposals noun US /prəˈpoʊzəlz/

plural of “proposal” — something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)

From this reading “Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.”

Tigris noun US /ˈtaɪɡrəs/

an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River

From this reading “It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

own countrymen verb + noun counted as “own countryman”

In this reading “Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.”

strong effort adjective + noun

In this reading “Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.”

succeeded in verb + particle counted as “succeed in”

In this reading “Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.”

for a moment preposition + article + noun counted as “for … moment”

temporarily

In this reading “Layard did not hesitate for a moment.”

many men adjective + noun

In this reading “It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.”

little money adjective + noun

In this reading “It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.”

hesitate for verb + particle

In this reading “Layard did not hesitate for a moment.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

60

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

AmbassadornounUS /æmˈbæsədər/

a diplomat of the highest rank; accredited as representative from one country to another

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

Botta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

breathingnounUS /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

From this reading He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

CanningverbUS /ˈkænɪŋ/

inflected form of “can” — preserve in a can or tin

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

ConstantinoplenounUS /ˌkɑːnstæntəˈnoʊpəl/

the largest city and former capital of Turkey

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

countrymennounUS /ˈkʌntrimɪn/

plural of “countryman” — a man from your own country

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Layard did not hesitate for a moment.

disappointedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/

disappointingly unsuccessful

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

excavatingverbUS /ˈekskəveɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “excavate” — recover through digging

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Layard did not hesitate for a moment.

fortnightnounUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪt/

a period of fourteen consecutive days

From this reading He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.

HasteningverbUS /ˈheɪsənɪŋ/

-ing form of “hasten” — act or move at high speed

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

hesitateverbUS /ˈhezəteɪt/

pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness

From this reading Layard did not hesitate for a moment.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

impelledadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpeld/

urged or forced to action through moral pressure

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

intentionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃənz/

plural of “intention” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.

interestedadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

Layard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

longingnounUS /ˈlɔːŋɪŋ/

prolonged unfulfilled desire or need

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading Layard did not hesitate for a moment.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

MosulnounUS /ˈmoʊsəl/

a city in northern Iraq on the Tigris across from the ruins of Nineveh

From this reading He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.

moundsnounUS /maʊndz/

plural of “mound” — (baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

plansnounUS /plænz/

plural of “plan” — a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

proposalsnounUS /prəˈpoʊzəlz/

plural of “proposal” — something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

Stratford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

TigrisnounUS /ˈtaɪɡrəs/

an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Hastening to Constantinople, he saw Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador, told him his plans, and succeeded in interesting him to such an extent that the Ambassador advanced the amount of £60.

trivialadjectiveUS /ˈtrɪviəl/

(informal) small and of little importance

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

undertakenverbUS /ˈʌndərteɪkən/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading He left Constantinople without breathing a word about his intentions, and in less than a fortnight was back in Mosul.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Layard, disappointed that his own countrymen were so little interested in his proposals, was impelled by the success of Botta to make a strong effort to begin the work he was longing to do.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It was a trivial sum with which to start excavating the mounds of the Tigris, and not many men would have undertaken the work with so little money behind them.

Chapter 12 of The romance of excavation by David Masters holds 228 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The romance of excavation contain?

Chapter 12 holds 228 sentences of The romance of excavation, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The romance of excavation by David Masters exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 228 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The romance of excavation?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The romance of excavation

Common questions about reading The romance of excavation by David Masters on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The romance of excavation?

Yes. All 1902 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70981 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The romance of excavation is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70981, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The romance of excavation take to read?

About 158 minutes of reading across 381 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The romance of excavation section by section

How to work through The romance of excavation section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The romance of excavation to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The romance of excavation

Words and structures a reader meets early in The romance of excavation, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Displayed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The romance of excavation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.