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The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner
The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner is here in full — 779 sentences across 156 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/155 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.
(The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)
'_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.
(The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)
I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner is here in full — 779 sentences across 156 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/155 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.
Line 2
(The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)
/ðə weɪvz ʌv laɪt ənd saʊnd ɑːr ˈɡʌvərnd baɪ ðə seɪm məˈkænɪkəl lɔː æz ðæt ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ weɪvz ʌv ˈwɔːtər ðə ˈæŋɡəl ʌv ˈɪnsədəns ˈiːkwəlz ðə ˈæŋɡəl ʌv rɪˈflekʃən/
Line 3
'_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.
Line 4
(The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)
/ðə duːk hæz lɔːst steɪt welθ ənd ˈlɪb.ər.ti nɑːt wʌn ʌv hɪz wɜːrks wɪl biː ˈfɪnɪʃt baɪ hɪmˈself/
Line 5
I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chests noun US /tʃests/

plural of “chest” — the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates

From this reading “I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.”

Duke's noun US /duːks/

possessive form of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading “I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.”

equals noun US /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading “(The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)”

governing adjective US /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading “(The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)”

incidence noun US /ˈɪnsədəns/

the relative frequency of occurrence of something

From this reading “(The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)”

leonardo noun US /ˌliːəˈnɑːrdoʊ/

Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect; the most versatile genius of the Italian Renaissance (1452-1519)

From this reading “CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.”

subterranean adjective US /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.

From this reading “I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.”

thickness noun US /ˈθɪknəs/

the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width

From this reading “I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

oak chests noun + noun counted as “oak chest”

In this reading “I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.”

iron door noun + noun

In this reading “I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1499

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

1500

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

acque

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

adornedadjectiveUS /əˈdɔːrnd/

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

anglenounUS /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

CALMverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

che

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

chestsnounUS /tʃests/

plural of “chest” — the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

DAnounUS /dɑː/

an official prosecutor for a judicial district

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

dalle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

delle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

deve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

duca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

dukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

Duke'snounUS /duːks/

possessive form of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

enounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

eguagliare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

equalsnounUS /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

fini

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

governano

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

governate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

governednounUS /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

governingadjectiveUS /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

hanounUS /hɑː/

(astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial point measured westward along the celestial equator from the zenith crossing; the right ascension for an observer at a particular location and time of day

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

IlnounUS /ɪl/

a midwestern state in north-central United States

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

incidencenounUS /ˈɪnsədəns/

the relative frequency of occurrence of something

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

incidente

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

l'angolo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

lanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

LenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

leggi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

LEONARDOnounUS /ˌliːəˈnɑːrdoʊ/

Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect; the most versatile genius of the Italian Renaissance (1452-1519)

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

libertà

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

lo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

lui

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

luminose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

mechanicaladjectiveUS /məˈkænɪkəl/

using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

nessuna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

north-westadverb

to, toward, or in the northwest

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

oaknounUS /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

onde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

operanounUS /ˈɑːprə/

a drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

paintingnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

perso

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

piledverbUS /paɪld/

past form of “pile” — arrange in stacks

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

reflectionnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

riflettente

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

roba

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

Rocchetta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

sinounUS /siː/

a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

sono

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

sonore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

Stato

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

stesse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

sua

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading '_Il duca ha perso lo Stato e la roba e la libertà; e nessuna sua opera si fini per lui._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

subterraneanadjectiveUS /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

thicknessnounUS /ˈθɪknəs/

the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

towernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

treasurynounUS /ˈtreʒəri/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

unfinishedadjectiveUS /ənˈfɪnɪʃt/

not brought to the desired final state

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

VINCI

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

WATERSnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading CALM WATERS--1499-1500 '_Le onde sonore e luminose sono governate dalle stesse leggi che governano le onde delle acque: l'angolo incidente deve eguagliare l'angolo riflettente._' LEONARDO DA VINCI.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading (The waves of light and sound are governed by the same mechanical law as that governing waves of water: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.)

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I The Duke's treasury, a subterranean chamber very long and narrow and piled with huge oak chests, was entered from the north-west tower of the Rocchetta by a small iron door set in the thickness of the wall and adorned with an unfinished painting by Leonardo.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading (The duke has lost state, wealth, and liberty; not one of his works will be finished by himself.)

Chapter 10 of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner by Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky holds 779 sentences, grouped into 156 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner contain?

Chapter 10 holds 779 sentences of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner, unabridged, divided into 156 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner by Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 779 sentences, grouped into 156 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner?

Work through the 156 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 156 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner by Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 9361 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47902 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47902, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1873 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
She-devil--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Siena
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Discovered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, the Forerunner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.