Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Romance of Modern Invention
The Romance of Modern Invention

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Romance of Modern Invention is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Romance of Modern Invention
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.
When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.
So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.
The air is forced in by very powerful pumps of a special design.
Aft of this chamber is that containing the stop-valve and steering-gear.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Romance of Modern Invention

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Romance of Modern Invention is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.
Line 2
When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.
Line 3
So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.
Line 4
The air is forced in by very powerful pumps of a special design.
/ðə er ɪz fɔːrst ɪn baɪ ˈveri ˈpaʊərfəl pʌmps ʌv ə ˈspeʃəl dɪˈzaɪn/
Line 5
Aft of this chamber is that containing the stop-valve and steering-gear.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Aft adverb US /æft/

at or near or toward the stern of a ship or tail of an airplane

From this reading “Aft of this chamber is that containing the stop-valve and steering-gear.”

compressed adjective US /kəmˈprest/

pressed tightly together

From this reading “The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.”

compression noun US /kəmˈpreʃən/

an increase in the density of something

From this reading “So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.”

finest adjective US /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading “The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.”

lbs noun US /paʊndz/

plural of “lb” — 16 ounces avoirdupois

From this reading “When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.”

pumps noun US /pʌmps/

plural of “pump” — a mechanical device that moves fluid or gas by pressure or suction

From this reading “The air is forced in by very powerful pumps of a special design.”

torpedoes noun US /tɔːrˈpiːdoʊz/

plural of “torpedo” — a professional killer who uses a gun

From this reading “So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.”

weighs verb US /weɪz/

third-person singular of “weigh” — have a certain weight

From this reading “So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

square inch verb + noun

a unit of area equal to one inch by one inch square

In this reading “When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1350

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

63

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

AftadverbUS /æft/

at or near or toward the stern of a ship or tail of an airplane

From this reading Aft of this chamber is that containing the stop-valve and steering-gear.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Aft of this chamber is that containing the stop-valve and steering-gear.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The air is forced in by very powerful pumps of a special design.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

compressedadjectiveUS /kəmˈprest/

pressed tightly together

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

compressionnounUS /kəmˈpreʃən/

an increase in the density of something

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

containingverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading Aft of this chamber is that containing the stop-valve and steering-gear.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading The air is forced in by very powerful pumps of a special design.

finestadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading The air is forced in by very powerful pumps of a special design.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

inchnounUS /ɪntʃ/

a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

largest-sized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

lbsnounUS /paʊndz/

plural of “lb” — 16 ounces avoirdupois

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

phosphor-bronze

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading The air is forced in by very powerful pumps of a special design.

pressurenounUS /ˈpreʃər/

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

pumpsnounUS /pʌmps/

plural of “pump” — a mechanical device that moves fluid or gas by pressure or suction

From this reading The air is forced in by very powerful pumps of a special design.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading The air is forced in by very powerful pumps of a special design.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

steering-gear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Aft of this chamber is that containing the stop-valve and steering-gear.

stop-valve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Aft of this chamber is that containing the stop-valve and steering-gear.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading The _air chamber_ is made of the finest compressed steel, or of phosphor-bronze, a third of an inch thick.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

torpedoesnounUS /tɔːrˈpiːdoʊz/

plural of “torpedo” — a professional killer who uses a gun

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The air is forced in by very powerful pumps of a special design.

weighsverbUS /weɪz/

third-person singular of “weigh” — have a certain weight

From this reading So severe is the compression that in the largest-sized torpedoes the air in this chamber weighs no less than 63 lbs.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When ready for action this chamber has to bear a pressure of 1350 lbs. to the square inch.

Chapter 4 of The Romance of Modern Invention by Archibald Williams holds 400 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Romance of Modern Invention contain?

Chapter 4 holds 400 sentences of The Romance of Modern Invention, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Romance of Modern Invention by Archibald Williams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 400 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Romance of Modern Invention?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Romance of Modern Invention

Common questions about reading The Romance of Modern Invention by Archibald Williams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Romance of Modern Invention?

Yes. All 3211 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41160 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Romance of Modern Invention is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41160, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Romance of Modern Invention take to read?

About 267 minutes of reading across 643 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Romance of Modern Invention section by section

How to work through The Romance of Modern Invention section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Romance of Modern Invention to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Romance of Modern Invention

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Romance of Modern Invention, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Containing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Interesting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Descriptions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Non-technical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.