Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Romance of Modern Invention
The Romance of Modern Invention

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Romance of Modern Invention is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Romance of Modern Invention
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.
Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.
He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.
During the time of movement the lens was covered by the shutter.
This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Romance of Modern Invention

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Romance of Modern Invention is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.
Line 2
Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.
Line 3
He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.
Line 4
During the time of movement the lens was covered by the shutter.
/ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə taɪm ʌv ˈmuːvmənt ðə lenz wɑːz ˈkʌvərd baɪ ðə ˈʃʌtər/
Line 5
This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.
/ðɪs ˈprɪnsəpəl ʌv ɪkˈspoʊʒər hæz ˈɔːlsoʊ bɪn ˈlɑːrdʒli əˈdɑːptɪd baɪ ˈʌðər ˌɪnˈventərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Edison noun US /ˈedɪsən/

United States inventor; inventions included the phonograph and incandescent electric light and the microphone and the Kinetoscope (1847-1931)

From this reading “To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.”

gearing noun US /ˈɡɪrɪŋ/

wheelwork consisting of a connected set of rotating gears by which force is transmitted or motion or torque is changed

From this reading “He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.”

intermittent adjective US /ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt/

stopping and starting at irregular intervals

From this reading “He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.”

inventors noun US /ˌɪnˈventərz/

plural of “inventor” — someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading “This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.”

lens noun US /lenz/

a transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images

From this reading “Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.”

negatives noun US /ˈneɡətɪvz/

plural of “negative” — a reply of denial

From this reading “To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.”

shutter noun US /ˈʃʌtər/

a mechanical device on a camera that opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure

From this reading “During the time of movement the lens was covered by the shutter.”

stationary adjective US /ˈsteɪʃəneri/

standing still

From this reading “He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

remain stationary verb + adjective

In this reading “He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.”

per second preposition + noun

In this reading “To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.”

brought into verb + particle counted as “bring into”

In this reading “Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.”

During the time preposition + article + noun counted as “during … time”

In this reading “During the time of movement the lens was covered by the shutter.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

adoptedadjectiveUS /əˈdɑːptɪd/

acquired as your own by free choice

From this reading This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.

allottedadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːtɪd/

given as a task

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading During the time of movement the lens was covered by the shutter.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading During the time of movement the lens was covered by the shutter.

devicenounUS /dɪˈvaɪs/

an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

EachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

EdisonnounUS /ˈedɪsən/

United States inventor; inventions included the phonograph and incandescent electric light and the microphone and the Kinetoscope (1847-1931)

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

exposurenounUS /ɪkˈspoʊʒər/

vulnerability to the elements; to the action of heat or cold or wind or rain

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

filmnounUS /fɪlm/

a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

forty-sixadjective

being six more than forty

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

forwardsadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərdz/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

gearingnounUS /ˈɡɪrɪŋ/

wheelwork consisting of a connected set of rotating gears by which force is transmitted or motion or torque is changed

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

includeverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːd/

have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

intermittentadjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt/

stopping and starting at irregular intervals

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

inventorsnounUS /ˌɪnˈventərz/

plural of “inventor” — someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

jerkedverbUS /dʒɜːrkt/

past form of “jerk” — pull, or move with a sudden movement

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.

lensnounUS /lenz/

a transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading During the time of movement the lens was covered by the shutter.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

negativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɡətɪv/

characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

negativesnounUS /ˈneɡətɪvz/

plural of “negative” — a reply of denial

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

nine-tenths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

one-forty-sixth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

shutternounUS /ˈʃʌtər/

a mechanical device on a camera that opens and closes to control the time of a photographic exposure

From this reading During the time of movement the lens was covered by the shutter.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

stationaryadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪʃəneri/

standing still

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This principle of exposure has also been largely adopted by other inventors.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading He therefore introduced an intermittent gearing, which jerked the film forwards forty-six times per second, but allowed it to remain stationary for nine-tenths of the period allotted to each picture.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To secure forty-six negatives per second Edison invented a special exposure device.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Each negative would have but one-forty-sixth of a second to itself, and that must include the time during which the fresh surface of film was being brought into position before the lens.

Chapter 5 of The Romance of Modern Invention by Archibald Williams holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The Romance of Modern Invention contain?

Chapter 5 holds 408 sentences of The Romance of Modern Invention, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The Romance of Modern Invention by Archibald Williams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of The Romance of Modern Invention?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Romance of Modern Invention

Common questions about reading The Romance of Modern Invention by Archibald Williams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Romance of Modern Invention?

Yes. All 3211 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41160 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Romance of Modern Invention is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41160, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Romance of Modern Invention take to read?

About 267 minutes of reading across 643 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Romance of Modern Invention section by section

How to work through The Romance of Modern Invention section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Romance of Modern Invention to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Romance of Modern Invention

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Romance of Modern Invention, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Containing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Interesting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Descriptions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Non-technical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.