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The Romance of Modern Invention
The Romance of Modern Invention

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Romance of Modern Invention is here in full — 405 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
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The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.
The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.
It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.
Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.
The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Romance of Modern Invention

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The Romance of Modern Invention is here in full — 405 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.
Line 2
The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.
Line 3
It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.
Line 4
Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.
Line 5
The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.
/ðə ˈɪnər fɔːr ʌv ðiːz wiːlz wɜːr ˈdrɪvən baɪ æz ˈmeni ˈpaʊərfəl ɪˈlektrɪk ˈmoʊtərz kənˈteɪnd əˈlɔːŋ wɪð ðə ˈɡaɪdɪŋ ˈmekənɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈloʊər pɑːrt ʌv ðə kɑːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accommodate verb US /əˈkɑːmədeɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading “The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.”

ballast noun US /ˈbæləst/

any heavy material used to stabilize a ship or airship

From this reading “The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.”

flanking verb US /ˈflæŋkɪŋ/

-ing form of “flank” — be located at the sides of something or somebody

From this reading “Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.”

guiding adjective US /ˈɡaɪdɪŋ/

exerting control or influence

From this reading “The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.”

mechanism noun US /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading “The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.”

motors noun US /ˈmoʊtərz/

plural of “motor” — machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading “The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.”

rounding noun US /ˈraʊndɪŋ/

(mathematics) a miscalculation that results from rounding off numbers to a convenient number of decimals

From this reading “It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.”

sleepers noun US /ˈsliːpərz/

plural of “sleeper” — a rester who is sleeping

From this reading “The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

electric motors adjective + noun counted as “electric motor”

a motor that converts electricity to mechanical work

In this reading “The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.”

lower part verb + noun

In this reading “The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.”

in diameter preposition + noun

In this reading “Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.”

four feet noun + noun counted as “four foot”

In this reading “The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.”

two pairs noun + noun counted as “two pair”

In this reading “Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.”

about four preposition + noun

In this reading “The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.”

resting on verb + particle counted as “rest on”

rest on for support

In this reading “The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

11

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

59

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

68

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

accommodateverbUS /əˈkɑːmədeɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

aftadverbUS /æft/

at or near or toward the stern of a ship or tail of an airplane

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

air-suction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

ballastnounUS /ˈbæləst/

any heavy material used to stabilize a ship or airship

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

Behr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

boltedverbUS /ˈboʊltəd/

past form of “bolt” — move or jump suddenly

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

carnounUS /kɑːr/

a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

curvesnounUS /kɜːrvz/

plural of “curve” — the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

diameternounUS /daɪˈæmətər/

the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

double-flanged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

electricadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektrɪk/

using or providing or producing or transmitting or operated by electricity

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

fittedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtəd/

being the right size and shape to fit as desired

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

flankingverbUS /ˈflæŋkɪŋ/

-ing form of “flank” — be located at the sides of something or somebody

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

forenounUS /fɔːr/

front part of a vessel or aircraft

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

guidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

guidingadjectiveUS /ˈɡaɪdɪŋ/

exerting control or influence

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

handsomelyadverbUS /ˈhænsəmli/

in an attractively handsome manner

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

inneradjectiveUS /ˈɪnər/

located inward

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

mechanismnounUS /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

motorsnounUS /ˈmoʊtərz/

plural of “motor” — machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

neutralisedadjective

made neutral in some respect; deprived of distinctive characteristics

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

overcomeverbUS /ˈoʊvərkʌm/

win a victory over

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

pairsnounUS /perz/

plural of “pair” — a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

railnounUS /reɪl/

a barrier consisting of a horizontal bar and supports

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

railsnounUS /reɪlz/

a bar or pair of parallel bars of rolled steel making the railway along which railroad cars or other vehicles can roll

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

restingverbUS /ˈrestɪŋ/

-ing form of “rest” — not move; be in a resting position

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

roundingnounUS /ˈraʊndɪŋ/

(mathematics) a miscalculation that results from rounding off numbers to a convenient number of decimals

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

seatsnounUS /siːts/

an area that includes places where several people can sit

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

SixteenadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːn/

being one more than fifteen

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

sleepersnounUS /ˈsliːpərz/

plural of “sleeper” — a rester who is sleeping

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

specially-shaped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

tonsnounUS /tʌnz/

a large number or amount

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

tracknounUS /træk/

a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

trestles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rail ran about four feet above the track on trestles bolted down to steel sleepers resting on ordinary ballast.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

vehiclenounUS /ˈviːhɪkəl/

a conveyance that transports people or objects

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

weighedverbUS /weɪd/

past form of “weigh” — have a certain weight

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

weightnounUS /weɪt/

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The inner four of these wheels were driven by as many powerful electric motors contained, along with the guiding mechanism, in the lower part of the car.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The carriage--Mr. Behr used but one on this line--weighed 68 tons, was 59 feet long and 11 feet wide, and could accommodate one hundred persons.

wind-resistance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was handsomely fitted up, and had specially-shaped seats which neutralised the effect of rounding curves, and ended fore and aft in a point, to overcome the wind-resistance in front and the air-suction behind.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Sixteen pairs of wheels on the under side of the carriage engaged with the two pairs of guide rails flanking the trestles, and eight large double-flanged wheels, 4-1/2 feet in diameter, carried the weight of the vehicle.

Chapter 7 of The Romance of Modern Invention by Archibald Williams holds 405 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Romance of Modern Invention contain?

Chapter 7 holds 405 sentences of The Romance of Modern Invention, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Romance of Modern Invention by Archibald Williams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 405 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Romance of Modern Invention?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Romance of Modern Invention

Common questions about reading The Romance of Modern Invention by Archibald Williams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Romance of Modern Invention?

Yes. All 3211 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41160 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Romance of Modern Invention is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41160, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Romance of Modern Invention take to read?

About 267 minutes of reading across 643 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Romance of Modern Invention

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Romance of Modern Invention, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Containing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Interesting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Descriptions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Non-technical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Modern Invention; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.