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The Romance of Polar Exploration
The Romance of Polar Exploration

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Romance of Polar Exploration is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
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THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.
In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.
Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.
The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.
The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Romance of Polar Exploration

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Romance of Polar Exploration is here in full — 281 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.
Line 2
In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.
Line 3
Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.
Line 4
The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.
Line 5
The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Atmospheric adjective US /ˌætməˈsferɪk/

relating to or located in the atmosphere

From this reading “THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.”

chartered adjective US /ˈtʃɑːrtərd/

hired for the exclusive temporary use of a group of travelers

From this reading “The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.”

Conger noun US /ˈkɔːŋər/

large dark-colored scaleless marine eel found in temperate and tropical coastal waters; some used for food

From this reading “THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.”

Depots noun US /ˈdiːpoʊz/

plural of “depot” — station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods

From this reading “THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.”

explorers noun US /ɪkˈsplɔːrərz/

plural of “explorer” — someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)

From this reading “The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.”

Marvels noun US /ˈmɑːrvəlz/

plural of “marvel” — something that causes feelings of wonder

From this reading “THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.”

Sabine noun US /səˈbiːn/

a river in eastern Texas that flows south into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading “THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.”

Thetis noun US /ˈθiːtəs/

(Greek mythology) one of the 50 Nereids; mother of Achilles by Peleus

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

push forward verb + particle

push one's way

In this reading “The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.”

towards the North preposition + article + noun counted as “towards … north”

In this reading “In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.”

by means preposition + noun

In this reading “The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.”

for the purpose preposition + article + noun counted as “for … purpose”

In this reading “In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.”

open water verb + noun

In this reading “The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.”

passed by verb + particle counted as “pass by”

move past

In this reading “In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.”

send out verb + adjective

to cause or order to be taken, directed, or transmitted to another place

In this reading “In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.”

All words in this reading · 130

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

110

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

1881

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

25,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

467

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

5th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

Adolphus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

ArcticnounUS /ˈɑːrktɪk/

the regions to the north of the Arctic Circle centered on the North Pole

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

ArrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

AtmosphericadjectiveUS /ˌætməˈsferɪk/

relating to or located in the atmosphere

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

BaynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

BitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

BlowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

CampnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

CapenounUS /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

CavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

charteredadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɑːrtərd/

hired for the exclusive temporary use of a group of travelers

From this reading The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

CongernounUS /ˈkɔːŋər/

large dark-colored scaleless marine eel found in temperate and tropical coastal waters; some used for food

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

conveyverbUS /kənˈveɪ/

(of information) make known; pass on

From this reading The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

DeathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

DeparturenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

depotnounUS /ˈdiːpoʊ/

station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

DepotsnounUS /ˈdiːpoʊz/

plural of “depot” — station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

dog-sledges

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

EffortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

EXPEDITIONnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

explorersnounUS /ɪkˈsplɔːrərz/

plural of “explorer” — someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)

From this reading The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

failverbUS /feɪl/

fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

FoodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

FranklinnounUS /ˈfræŋklɪn/

United States historian noted for studies of Black American history (born in 1915)

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

FruitlessadjectiveUS /ˈfruːtləs/

unproductive of success

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

GREELY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

Grinnel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

horse-power

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

IcenounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

InfluencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

LandnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

launchverbUS /lɔːntʃ/

set up or found

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

LieutenantnounUS /luːˈtenənt/

a commissioned military officer

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

Lockwood's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

MarvelsnounUS /ˈmɑːrvəlz/

plural of “marvel” — something that causes feelings of wonder

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

PassagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

PolenounUS /poʊl/

a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

PreparationsnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “preparation” — the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

proceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

Proteusnoun

(Greek mythology) a prophetic god who served Poseidon; was capable of changing his shape at will

From this reading The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

pushverbUS /pʊʃ/

move with force

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

RationsnounUS /ˈræʃənz/

plural of “ration” — the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel)

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

RemarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

SabinenounUS /səˈbiːn/

a river in eastern Texas that flows south into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

SchemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

SecondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

selectedadjectiveUS /səˈlektɪd/

chosen in preference to another

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

ShortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

StarvationnounUS /stɑːrˈveɪʃən/

a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

steamverbUS /stiːm/

travel by means of steam power

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

steamernounUS /ˈstiːmər/

a clam that is usually steamed in the shell

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

StormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

SunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

TerrificadjectiveUS /tərˈɪfɪk/

very great or intense

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

ThetisnounUS /ˈθiːtəs/

(Greek mythology) one of the 50 Nereids; mother of Achilles by Peleus

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

tonsnounUS /tʌnz/

a large number or amount

From this reading The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

twenty-onenounUS /ˈtwentiwɔːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty and one

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

usingnounUS /ˈjuːzɪŋ/

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

votenounUS /voʊt/

a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading In 1881 the Government of the United States determined to send out another expedition towards the North Pole, and a vote of $25,000 having been passed by Congress for the purpose, Lieutenant Adolphus Washington Greely was appointed to the command.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The scheme of the expedition was to proceed by steamer as far north as Lady Franklin Bay, where they were to form a depot on Grinnel Land, and, using it as a base, push forward, by means of dog-sledges over the ice, and by steam launch over the open water, as far north as it was possible to get.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Lieutenant Greely, who was an officer in the 5th Cavalry regiment, had, as his companions, three officers and twenty-one men selected from the United States army.

WinternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

WolvesnounUS /wʊlvz/

plural of “wolf” — any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading THE GREELY EXPEDITION The Scheme of the Expedition--Fort Conger--Arctic Wolves--Atmospheric Marvels--A Terrific Storm--Influence of the Sun--Lieutenant Lockwood's Expedition--The Second Winter--Preparations for Departure--They leave Fort Conger--A Remarkable Ice Passage--They fail to make Cape Sabine--A New Camp--Rations running Short--Fruitless Efforts to reach Food Depots--Starvation and Death--A Bitter Blow--The Arrival of the _Thetis_.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading The steamer _Proteus_, a vessel 467 tons and 110 horse-power, was chartered by the explorers to convey them from New York to Lady Franklin Bay.

Chapter 8 of The Romance of Polar Exploration by G. Firth Scott holds 281 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Romance of Polar Exploration contain?

Chapter 8 holds 281 sentences of The Romance of Polar Exploration, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Romance of Polar Exploration by G. Firth Scott exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 281 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Romance of Polar Exploration?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Romance of Polar Exploration by G. Firth Scott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Romance of Polar Exploration?

Yes. All 2969 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36802 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Romance of Polar Exploration is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36802, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Romance of Polar Exploration take to read?

About 247 minutes of reading across 594 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Romance of Polar Exploration

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Romance of Polar Exploration, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Firth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Polar Exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Polar Exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Polar Exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Franklin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Romance of Polar Exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.