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The Romany Rye
The Romany Rye

Chapter XXXIX · Pseudo-Critics

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.
If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.
The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.
The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.
Upon true and upon malignant criticism there is an excellent fable by the Spaniard Iriarte.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Romany Rye

Chapter XXXIX · Pseudo-Critics

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.
Line 2
If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.
Line 3
The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.
Line 4
The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.
Line 5
Upon true and upon malignant criticism there is an excellent fable by the Spaniard Iriarte.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.”

Duty noun US /ˈduːti/

a responsibility that must be carried out

From this reading “The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.”

However adverb US /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading “The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.”

Make noun US /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.”

Nothing pronoun US /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading “If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.”

Part noun US /part/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “Upon true and upon malignant criticism there is an excellent fable by the Spaniard Iriarte.”

Whatever determiner US /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading “The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

abuse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Upon true and upon malignant criticism there is an excellent fable by the Spaniard Iriarte.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

assailed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

attacked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

author

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

best

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

blemishes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

book

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

bye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

calculated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

call

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

calling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

certain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

contains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

critic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.

criticism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

critics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

detected

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

a responsibility that must be carried out

From this reading The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.

excellent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon true and upon malignant criticism there is an excellent fable by the Spaniard Iriarte.

fable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon true and upon malignant criticism there is an excellent fable by the Spaniard Iriarte.

founded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

indeed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

individuals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

Iriarte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon true and upon malignant criticism there is an excellent fable by the Spaniard Iriarte.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.

Lavengro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

leech

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.

makenounUS /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

malice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

malignant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon true and upon malignant criticism there is an excellent fable by the Spaniard Iriarte.

misrepresentation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

ones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

partnounUS /part/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.

passages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

play

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.

plenty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

pointed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

presently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

set

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

show

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

Spaniard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon true and upon malignant criticism there is an excellent fable by the Spaniard Iriarte.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon true and upon malignant criticism there is an excellent fable by the Spaniard Iriarte.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

true

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.

truth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon true and upon malignant criticism there is an excellent fable by the Spaniard Iriarte.

valuable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

viper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duty of the true critic is to play the part of a leech, and not of a viper.

virulence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

wilful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A certain set of individuals calling themselves critics have attacked Lavengro with much virulence and malice.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If what they call criticism had been founded on truth, the author would have had nothing to say.

writer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The book contains plenty of blemishes, some of them, by the bye, wilful ones, as the writer will presently show; not one of these, however, has been detected and pointed out; but the best passages in the book, indeed whatever was calculated to make the book valuable, have been assailed with abuse and misrepresentation.