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The Ruined Cities of Zululand
The Ruined Cities of Zululand

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Ruined Cities of Zululand is here in full — 416 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PREFACE.
No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.
Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.
It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.
The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Ruined Cities of Zululand

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Ruined Cities of Zululand is here in full — 416 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PREFACE.
/ˈprefəs/
Line 2
No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.
Line 3
Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.
/ˈsɪmpli aɪ rɪˈplaɪ tuː tel ðə ˈriːdər ðæt ðə teɪl ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪktli rɪˈleɪtɪd ɪn ðiːz ˈvɑːljuːmz ɪz nɑːt ə mɪr wɜːrk ʌv ˈfɪkʃən/
Line 4
It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.
/ɪt ɪz beɪst ɑːn ə ˈdɑːkjəment sent tuː miː baɪ maɪ ˈbrʌðər tuː huːm aɪ hæv ˈdedəkeɪtəd ðɪs wɜːrk ənd huː hæz fɔːr ˈmeni jɪrz bɪn ə ˈrezɪdənt ʌv ðə frənˈtɪrz ʌv ˈzuːluː lænd/
Line 5
The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

based adjective US /beɪst/

having a base

From this reading “It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.”

dedicated adjective US /ˈdedəkeɪtəd/

devoted to a cause or ideal or purpose

From this reading “It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.”

frontiers noun US /frənˈtɪrz/

plural of “frontier” — a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading “It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.”

imperfectly adverb US /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪktli/

in an imperfect or faulty way

From this reading “Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.”

Natal adjective US /ˈneɪtəl/

relating to or accompanying birth

From this reading “The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.”

resident adjective US /ˈrezɪdənt/

living in a particular place

From this reading “It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.”

transmitted adjective US /trænˈsmɪtɪd/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading “The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.”

Zulu noun US /ˈzuːluː/

a member of the tall Negroid people of eastern South Africa; some live in KwaZulu-Natal under the traditional clan system but many now work in the cities

From this reading “It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.”

map of verb + particle

In this reading “The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.”

exhibited in verb + particle counted as “exhibit in”

In this reading “The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1867

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

alludedverbUS /əˈluːdɪd/

past form of “allude” — make a more or less disguised reference to

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

basedadjectiveUS /beɪst/

having a base

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

brother'snounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

dedicatedadjectiveUS /ˈdedəkeɪtəd/

devoted to a cause or ideal or purpose

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

documentnounUS /ˈdɑːkjəment/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

exhibitedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbətəd/

past form of “exhibit” — show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

ExhibitionnounUS /ˌeksəˈbɪʃən/

the act of exhibiting

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

frontiersnounUS /frənˈtɪrz/

plural of “frontier” — a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

imperfectlyadverbUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪktli/

in an imperfect or faulty way

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

ImperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

LandnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

MajestynounUS /ˈmædʒəsti/

impressiveness in scale or proportion

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

mapverbUS /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

NataladjectiveUS /ˈneɪtəl/

relating to or accompanying birth

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

now-a-days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

PREFACEnounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading PREFACE.

prefaces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

readsnounUS /riːdz/

plural of “read” — something that is read

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

replynounUS /rɪˈplaɪ/

a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

residentadjectiveUS /ˈrezɪdənt/

living in a particular place

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

sectionnounUS /ˈsekʃən/

a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

SimplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

transmittedadjectiveUS /trænˈsmɪtɪd/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The paper alluded to was transmitted by me, according to my brother's desire, to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French, together with a map of Zulu Land, which had been exhibited in the Natal section of the great Paris Exhibition of 1867.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Simply, I reply, to tell the reader that the tale imperfectly related in these volumes is not a mere work of fiction.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading No one ever reads prefaces now-a-days; why, therefore, should I write one? may be fairly asked.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

ZulunounUS /ˈzuːluː/

a member of the tall Negroid people of eastern South Africa; some live in KwaZulu-Natal under the traditional clan system but many now work in the cities

From this reading It is based on a document sent to me by my brother, to whom I have dedicated this work, and who has for many years been a resident of the frontiers of Zulu Land.

Chapter 1 of The Ruined Cities of Zululand by Hugh Mulleneux Walmsley holds 416 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Ruined Cities of Zululand contain?

Chapter 1 holds 416 sentences of The Ruined Cities of Zululand, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Ruined Cities of Zululand by Hugh Mulleneux Walmsley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 416 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Ruined Cities of Zululand?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Ruined Cities of Zululand

Common questions about reading The Ruined Cities of Zululand by Hugh Mulleneux Walmsley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Ruined Cities of Zululand?

Yes. All 5099 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32908 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Ruined Cities of Zululand is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32908, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Ruined Cities of Zululand take to read?

About 424 minutes of reading across 1020 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Ruined Cities of Zululand section by section

How to work through The Ruined Cities of Zululand section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of The Ruined Cities of Zululand to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Ruined Cities of Zululand

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Ruined Cities of Zululand, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ruined Cities of Zululand; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reads
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ruined Cities of Zululand; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prefaces
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ruined Cities of Zululand; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Now-a-days
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ruined Cities of Zululand; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.