Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Rules of the Game
The Rules of the Game

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of The Rules of the Game is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Rules of the Game
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Shortly after he took his leave.
Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.
Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.
He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.
He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Rules of the Game

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of The Rules of the Game is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Shortly after he took his leave.
/ˈʃɔːrtli ˈæftər hiː tʊk hɪz liːv/
Line 2
Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.
/plænt hɪz ɡʊd ˈhjuːmər ɪnˈtaɪərli rəˈkʌvərd ˈbeloʊd ˈæftər hɪm ə ˈdʌzən dʒoʊks ənd ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃənz/
Line 3
Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.
Line 4
He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.
Line 5
He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bellowed verb US /ˈbeloʊd/

past form of “bellow” — shout loudly and without restraint

From this reading “Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.”

belted adjective US /ˈbeltəd/

having or provided with a belt

From this reading “He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.”

buckle verb US /ˈbʌkəl/

fasten with a buckle or buckles

From this reading “He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.”

hoods noun US /hʊdz/

plural of “hood” — an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading “He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.”

loop verb US /luːp/

move in loops

From this reading “He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.”

rawhide noun US /ˈrɔːhaɪd/

untanned hide especially of cattle; cut in strips it is used for whips and ropes

From this reading “He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.”

right-hand adjective US /raɪtˈhænd/

located on or directed toward the right

From this reading “He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.”

Stirrup noun US /ˈstɜːrəp/

support consisting of metal loops into which rider's feet go

From this reading “He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Shortly after he took his leave.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

bellowedverbUS /ˈbeloʊd/

past form of “bellow” — shout loudly and without restraint

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

beltedadjectiveUS /ˈbeltəd/

having or provided with a belt

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

BobverbUS /bɑːb/

move up and down repeatedly

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

bootsnounUS /buːts/

plural of “boot” — footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

buckleverbUS /ˈbʌkəl/

fasten with a buckle or buckles

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

carved-leather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

cottonnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

DownadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

embroideredverbUS /emˈbrɔɪdərd/

past form of “embroider” — decorate with needlework

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

encircledadjectiveUS /ɪnˈsɜːrkəld/

confined on all sides

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

FootnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

guidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Shortly after he took his leave.

high-heeled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Shortly after he took his leave.

hoodsnounUS /hʊdz/

plural of “hood” — an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

hornnounUS /hɔːrn/

a noisemaker (as at parties or games) that makes a loud noise when you blow through it

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

horsebacknounUS /ˈhɔːrsbæk/

the back of a horse

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

humournounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

invitationsnounUS /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “invitation” — a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

jokesnounUS /dʒoʊks/

plural of “joke” — a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading Shortly after he took his leave.

loopverbUS /luːp/

move in loops

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

millverbUS /mɪl/

move about in a confused manner

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

patternsnounUS /ˈpætərnz/

plural of “pattern” — a perceptual structure

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

PlantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

quarter-mile

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

rawhidenounUS /ˈrɔːhaɪd/

untanned hide especially of cattle; cut in strips it is used for whips and ropes

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

recoveredadjectiveUS /rəˈkʌvərd/

freed from illness or injury

From this reading Plant, his good humour entirely recovered, bellowed after him a dozen jokes and invitations.

riatanoun

a long noosed rope used to catch animals

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

ridingnounUS /ˈraɪdɪŋ/

the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

right-handadjectiveUS /raɪtˈhænd/

located on or directed toward the right

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

saddleverbUS /ˈsædəl/

put a saddle on

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

shirtnounUS /ʃɜːrt/

a garment worn on the upper half of the body

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

ShortlyadverbUS /ˈʃɔːrtli/

for a short time

From this reading Shortly after he took his leave.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

stiff-brimmed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

StirrupnounUS /ˈstɜːrəp/

support consisting of metal loops into which rider's feet go

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

strapnounUS /stræp/

an elongated leather strip (or a strip of similar material) for binding things together or holding something in position

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

tapaderos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Shortly after he took his leave.

trailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

trousersnounUS /ˈtraʊzərz/

(usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to the knee or ankle, covering each leg separately

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

tuckedadjectiveUS /tʌkt/

having tucked or being tucked

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

variedadjectiveUS /ˈverid/

characterized by variety

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Down the road a quarter-mile, just before the trail turned off to the mill, Bob and his guide, who was riding down the mountain, passed a man on horseback.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He rode a carved-leather saddle, without tapaderos.[Footnote: Stirrup hoods] A rawhide riata hung in its loop on the right-hand side of the horn.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading He wore a very stiff-brimmed hat encircled by a leather strap and buckle, a cotton shirt, and belted trousers tucked into high-heeled boots embroidered with varied patterns.

Chapter 13 of The Rules of the Game by Stewart Edward White holds 413 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of The Rules of the Game contain?

Chapter 13 holds 413 sentences of The Rules of the Game, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of The Rules of the Game by Stewart Edward White exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 413 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of The Rules of the Game?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Rules of the Game

Common questions about reading The Rules of the Game by Stewart Edward White on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Rules of the Game?

Yes. All 13784 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13194 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Rules of the Game is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13194, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Rules of the Game take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2757 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Rules of the Game section by section

How to work through The Rules of the Game section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 34 chapters of The Rules of the Game to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Rules of the Game

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Rules of the Game, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Geography
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rules of the Game; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rules of the Game; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Easily
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rules of the Game; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Recognized
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Rules of the Game; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.