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The Saga of Grettir the Strong
The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Saga of Grettir the Strong
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.
Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.
With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.
The poet's day is o'er."
They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.
Line 2
Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.
Line 3
With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.
/wɪð wʌn fʊt naʊ aɪ step ɑːn ðə ʃɪp təˈwɔːrdz ˈaɪslənd/
Line 4
The poet's day is o'er."
Line 5
They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.
/ðeɪ hæd ə rʌf ˈpæsədʒ wɪð krɔːs wɪndz ˈmoʊstli frʌm ðə saʊθ soʊ ðæt ðeɪ ˈdrɪftəd əˈweɪ tuː ðə nɔːrθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

deemed verb US /diːmd/

past form of “deem” — keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view

From this reading “Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.”

drifted verb US /ˈdrɪftəd/

past form of “drift” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading “They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.”

Iceland noun US /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading “With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.”

mostly adverb US /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading “They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.”

poet's noun US /ˈpoʊəts/

possessive form of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading “The poet's day is o'er."”

ships noun US /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading “Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.”

swords noun US /sɔːrdz/

plural of “sword” — a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading “Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.”

winds noun US /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading “They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

aforetime

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

Asmund

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The poet's day is o'er."

deemedverbUS /diːmd/

past form of “deem” — keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

driftedverbUS /ˈdrɪftəd/

past form of “drift” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

Hallvard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

IcelandnounUS /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The poet's day is o'er."

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

mostlyadverbUS /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.

o'eradverb

throughout a period of time

From this reading The poet's day is o'er."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.

Onund

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

poet'snounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

possessive form of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The poet's day is o'er."

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

swordsnounUS /sɔːrdz/

plural of “sword” — a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With one foot now I step on the ship towards Iceland.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading Onund said: "Hallvard and I were aforetime deemed worthy in storm of swords to bear us.

Chapter 4 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown holds 42 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong contain?

Chapter 4 holds 42 sentences of The Saga of Grettir the Strong, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 42 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Common questions about reading The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Saga of Grettir the Strong?

Yes. All 4096 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #347 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #347, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Saga of Grettir the Strong take to read?

About 341 minutes of reading across 820 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Saga of Grettir the Strong section by section

How to work through The Saga of Grettir the Strong section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Saga of Grettir the Strong to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Saga of Grettir the Strong, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Named
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Onund
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ofeig
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clumsyfoot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.