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The Saga of Grettir the Strong
The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is here in full — 325 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Saga of Grettir the Strong
Context Illustration Reading 1/65 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.
He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.
Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him.
Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.
Grettir, therefore, prepared to go to sea.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is here in full — 325 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/65 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.
Line 2
He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.
/hiː hæd æz hɪz meɪt ə mæn neɪmd bɑːrd huː hæd ə jʌŋ ənd ˈprɪti waɪf/
Line 3
Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him.
Line 4
Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.
Line 5
Grettir, therefore, prepared to go to sea.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

banks noun US /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading “There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.”

Bard noun US /bɑːrd/

a lyric poet

From this reading “He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.”

dock noun US /dɑːk/

an enclosure in a court of law where the defendant sits during the trial

From this reading “There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.”

dwelt verb US /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading “There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.”

friendship noun US /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading “Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.”

mariner noun US /ˈmerənər/

a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading “There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.”

mate noun US /meɪt/

the officer below the master on a commercial ship

From this reading “He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.”

owning verb US /ˈoʊnɪŋ/

-ing form of “own” — have ownership or possession of

From this reading “There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.

askingnounUS /ˈæskɪŋ/

the verbal act of requesting

From this reading Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him.

Asmund

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

BardnounUS /bɑːrd/

a lyric poet

From this reading He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

docknounUS /dɑːk/

an enclosure in a court of law where the defendant sits during the trial

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Grettir, therefore, prepared to go to sea.

Grettir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.

Haflidi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

Hvita

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

marinernounUS /ˈmerənər/

a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

matenounUS /meɪt/

the officer below the master on a commercial ship

From this reading He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

owningverbUS /ˈoʊnɪŋ/

-ing form of “own” — have ownership or possession of

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading Grettir, therefore, prepared to go to sea.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.

Reydarfell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Grettir, therefore, prepared to go to sea.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Grettir, therefore, prepared to go to sea.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Haflidi answered that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and pretty wife.

Chapter 8 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown holds 325 sentences, grouped into 65 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong contain?

Chapter 8 holds 325 sentences of The Saga of Grettir the Strong, unabridged, divided into 65 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 325 sentences, grouped into 65 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong?

Work through the 65 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 65 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Common questions about reading The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Saga of Grettir the Strong?

Yes. All 4096 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #347 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #347, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Saga of Grettir the Strong take to read?

About 341 minutes of reading across 820 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Saga of Grettir the Strong section by section

How to work through The Saga of Grettir the Strong section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Saga of Grettir the Strong to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Saga of Grettir the Strong, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Named
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Onund
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ofeig
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clumsyfoot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.