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The Saga of Grettir the Strong
The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Saga of Grettir the Strong
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.
Thorgils' mother was Thorgerd the daughter of Alf of Dalir.
Alf had another daughter named Thorelf, who was the mother of Thorgeir the son of Havar.
Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.
He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.
Line 2
Thorgils' mother was Thorgerd the daughter of Alf of Dalir.
Line 3
Alf had another daughter named Thorelf, who was the mother of Thorgeir the son of Havar.
Line 4
Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.
Line 5
He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

backing noun US /ˈbækɪŋ/

the act of providing approval and support

From this reading “Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.”

connections noun US /kəˈnekʃənz/

plural of “connection” — a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading “Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.”

dwelt verb US /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading “There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.”

hospitality noun US /ˌhɑːspəˈtæləti/

kindness in welcoming guests or strangers

From this reading “He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.”

Mar verb US /mɑːr/

make imperfect

From this reading “There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.”

named verb US /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading “There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.”

powerful adjective US /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading “Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.”

settler noun US /ˈsetələr/

a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading “There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

Alf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorgils' mother was Thorgerd the daughter of Alf of Dalir.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Alf had another daughter named Thorelf, who was the mother of Thorgeir the son of Havar.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

Ari

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

Atli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

backingnounUS /ˈbækɪŋ/

the act of providing approval and support

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

connectionsnounUS /kəˈnekʃənz/

plural of “connection” — a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

Dalir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorgils' mother was Thorgerd the daughter of Alf of Dalir.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading Thorgils' mother was Thorgerd the daughter of Alf of Dalir.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

free-man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Alf had another daughter named Thorelf, who was the mother of Thorgeir the son of Havar.

Havar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alf had another daughter named Thorelf, who was the mother of Thorgeir the son of Havar.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

hospitalitynounUS /ˌhɑːspəˈtæləti/

kindness in welcoming guests or strangers

From this reading He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

MarverbUS /mɑːr/

make imperfect

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Thorgils' mother was Thorgerd the daughter of Alf of Dalir.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

open-handed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

RednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

Reykjaholar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

Reykjanes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

settlernounUS /ˈsetələr/

a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

Squint-Eyenoun

a person with strabismus

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

Thorelf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alf had another daughter named Thorelf, who was the mother of Thorgeir the son of Havar.

Thorgeir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alf had another daughter named Thorelf, who was the mother of Thorgeir the son of Havar.

Thorgerd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorgils' mother was Thorgerd the daughter of Alf of Dalir.

Thorgils

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

Ulf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the son of Ulf Squint-Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

Vestfirding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorgeir, therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the Vestfirding quarter.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Thorgils' mother was Thorgerd the daughter of Alf of Dalir.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Alf had another daughter named Thorelf, who was the mother of Thorgeir the son of Havar.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He was very open-handed and gave hospitality to any free-man for as long as he would.

Chapter 12 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown holds 121 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong contain?

Chapter 12 holds 121 sentences of The Saga of Grettir the Strong, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 121 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Common questions about reading The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Saga of Grettir the Strong?

Yes. All 4096 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #347 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #347, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Saga of Grettir the Strong take to read?

About 341 minutes of reading across 820 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Saga of Grettir the Strong section by section

How to work through The Saga of Grettir the Strong section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Saga of Grettir the Strong to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Saga of Grettir the Strong, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Named
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Onund
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ofeig
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clumsyfoot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.