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The Saga of Grettir the Strong
The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is here in full — 112 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Saga of Grettir the Strong
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.
They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.
When they reached the island they saw men on it moving about.
They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.
So they rowed to where the ladders were.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is here in full — 112 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.
Line 2
They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.
/ðeɪ mænd ə boʊt ənd iːtʃ hæd ə mæn ʌv hɪz oʊn ɑːn bɔːrd sʌm tuː/
Line 3
When they reached the island they saw men on it moving about.
/wen ðeɪ riːtʃt ðə ˈaɪlənd ðeɪ sɔː men ɑːn ɪt ˈmuːvɪŋ əˈbaʊt/
Line 4
They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.
/ðeɪ θɔːt ɪt ˈveri streɪndʒ bʌt səˈpoʊzd ðæt sʌm wʌn hæd bɪn rekt ənd hæd ɡɔːn ɑːn ʃɔːr ðer/
Line 5
So they rowed to where the ladders were.
/soʊ ðeɪ roʊd tuː wer ðə ˈlædərz wɜːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

animals noun US /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading “Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.”

ladders noun US /ˈlædərz/

plural of “ladder” — steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

From this reading “So they rowed to where the ladders were.”

manned adjective US /mænd/

having a crew

From this reading “They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.”

Midwinter noun US /ˈmɪˈdwɪntər/

the middle of winter

From this reading “Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.”

moving adjective US /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading “When they reached the island they saw men on it moving about.”

rowed verb US /roʊd/

past form of “row” — propel with oars

From this reading “So they rowed to where the ladders were.”

slaughter noun US /ˈslɔːtər/

the killing of animals (as for food)

From this reading “Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.”

wrecked adjective US /rekt/

destroyed in an accident

From this reading “They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading When they reached the island they saw men on it moving about.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

boatnounUS /boʊt/

a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

bondis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When they reached the island they saw men on it moving about.

laddersnounUS /ˈlædərz/

plural of “ladder” — steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

From this reading So they rowed to where the ladders were.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

mannedadjectiveUS /mænd/

having a crew

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading When they reached the island they saw men on it moving about.

MidwinternounUS /ˈmɪˈdwɪntər/

the middle of winter

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading When they reached the island they saw men on it moving about.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading When they reached the island they saw men on it moving about.

rowedverbUS /roʊd/

past form of “row” — propel with oars

From this reading So they rowed to where the ladders were.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading When they reached the island they saw men on it moving about.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

slaughternounUS /ˈslɔːtər/

the killing of animals (as for food)

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So they rowed to where the ladders were.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading They manned a boat and each had a man of his own on board, some two.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading So they rowed to where the ladders were.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When they reached the island they saw men on it moving about.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading So they rowed to where the ladders were.

wreckedadjectiveUS /rekt/

destroyed in an accident

From this reading They thought it very strange, but supposed that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there.

Chapter 31 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown holds 112 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong contain?

Chapter 31 holds 112 sentences of The Saga of Grettir the Strong, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 112 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Common questions about reading The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Saga of Grettir the Strong?

Yes. All 4096 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #347 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #347, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Saga of Grettir the Strong take to read?

About 341 minutes of reading across 820 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Saga of Grettir the Strong section by section

How to work through The Saga of Grettir the Strong section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Saga of Grettir the Strong to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Saga of Grettir the Strong, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Named
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Onund
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ofeig
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clumsyfoot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.