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The Saga of Grettir the Strong
The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Saga of Grettir the Strong
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.
She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.
Now she seemed to have lost it all.
Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.
It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.
Line 2
She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.
/ʃiː wɑːz ˈveri oʊld ənd ʌv ˈlɪtəl juːs tuː ˈmænˈkaɪnd bʌt ʃiː hæd bɪn ˈveri skɪld ɪn ˈwɪtʃkræft ənd ˈmædʒɪk wen ʃiː wɑːz jʌŋ ənd ðə ˈpiːpəl wɜːr ˈhiːðən/
Line 3
Now she seemed to have lost it all.
/naʊ ʃiː siːmd tuː hæv lɔːst ɪt ɔːl/
Line 4
Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.
Line 5
It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.
/ɪt wɑːz nɑːt fərˈbɪd.ən baɪ ðə lɔː ʌv ðə lænd tuː ˈsækrəfaɪs ɔːr pərˈfɔːrm ˈʌðər ˈhiːðən raɪts ɪn ˈpraɪvət ˈoʊnli ðə wʌn huː pərˈfɔːrmd ðem ˈoʊpənli wɑːz ˈsentənst tuː ðə ˈmaɪnər ˈeɡzaɪl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

exile verb US /ˈeɡzaɪl/

expel from a country

From this reading “It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.”

heathen noun US /ˈhiːðən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading “She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.”

minor adjective US /ˈmaɪnər/

of lesser importance or stature or rank

From this reading “It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.”

rites noun US /raɪts/

plural of “rite” — an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading “It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.”

sentenced verb US /ˈsentənst/

past form of “sentence” — pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law

From this reading “It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.”

skilled adjective US /skɪld/

having or showing or requiring special skill

From this reading “She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.”

sparks noun US /spɑːrks/

plural of “spark” — a momentary flash of light

From this reading “Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.”

witchcraft noun US /ˈwɪtʃkræft/

the art of sorcery

From this reading “She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

AnglenounUS /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

exileverbUS /ˈeɡzaɪl/

expel from a country

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

forbiddenadjectiveUS /fərˈbɪd.ən/

Not allowed; banned or prohibited by rule or law.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

foster-mothernoun

a woman who is a foster parent and raises another's child

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

heathennounUS /ˈhiːðən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

heathendom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

magicnounUS /ˈmædʒɪk/

any art that invokes supernatural powers

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

minoradjectiveUS /ˈmaɪnər/

of lesser importance or stature or rank

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

openlyadverbUS /ˈoʊpənli/

in an open way

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

performverbUS /pərˈfɔːrm/

carry out or perform an action

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

ritesnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “rite” — an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

sacrificenounUS /ˈsækrəfaɪs/

the act of losing or surrendering something as a penalty for a mistake or fault or failure to perform etc.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

sentencedverbUS /ˈsentənst/

past form of “sentence” — pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

skilledadjectiveUS /skɪld/

having or showing or requiring special skill

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

sparksnounUS /spɑːrks/

plural of “spark” — a momentary flash of light

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

Thorbjorn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

Thurid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

witchcraftnounUS /ˈwɪtʃkræft/

the art of sorcery

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

Chapter 34 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown holds 110 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 34 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong contain?

Chapter 34 holds 110 sentences of The Saga of Grettir the Strong, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 34 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 110 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 34 of The Saga of Grettir the Strong?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 34 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 34 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Common questions about reading The Saga of Grettir the Strong by Unknown on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Saga of Grettir the Strong?

Yes. All 4096 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #347 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Saga of Grettir the Strong is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #347, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Saga of Grettir the Strong take to read?

About 341 minutes of reading across 820 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Saga of Grettir the Strong section by section

How to work through The Saga of Grettir the Strong section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Saga of Grettir the Strong to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Saga of Grettir the Strong, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Named
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Onund
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ofeig
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clumsyfoot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Saga of Grettir the Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.