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The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald
The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald
Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).
Modern (1899) Norwegian translation: Gustav Storm.
English translation (based on modern Norwegian, not on original): Ethel Harriet Hearn.
The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..
The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).
Line 2
Modern (1899) Norwegian translation: Gustav Storm.
Line 3
English translation (based on modern Norwegian, not on original): Ethel Harriet Hearn.
Line 4
The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..
Line 5
The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.
/ðə ˈrelətɪv ˈmætər wɪl biː faʊnd æt ðə end ʌv ðə bʊk ɪn duː ˈɔːrdər æz tuː peɪdʒ ənd laɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

based adjective US /beɪst/

having a base

From this reading “English translation (based on modern Norwegian, not on original): Ethel Harriet Hearn.”

Norwegian noun US /ˌnɔːrˈwiːdʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Norway

From this reading “Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).”

Sagas noun US /ˈsɑːɡəz/

plural of “saga” — a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading “The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..”

Sec noun US /sek/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading “The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..”

spelled verb US /speld/

past form of “spell” — orally recite the letters of or give the spelling of

From this reading “Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).”

text noun US /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading “The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..”

translation noun US /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading “Modern (1899) Norwegian translation: Gustav Storm.”

tyrant noun US /ˈtaɪrənt/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading “The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1899

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Modern (1899) Norwegian translation: Gustav Storm.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).

basedadjectiveUS /beɪst/

having a base

From this reading English translation (based on modern Norwegian, not on original): Ethel Harriet Hearn.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading English translation (based on modern Norwegian, not on original): Ethel Harriet Hearn.

Ethel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading English translation (based on modern Norwegian, not on original): Ethel Harriet Hearn.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).

Gustav

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Modern (1899) Norwegian translation: Gustav Storm.

Haardraade

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

HARALD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

Harriet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading English translation (based on modern Norwegian, not on original): Ethel Harriet Hearn.

Hearn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading English translation (based on modern Norwegian, not on original): Ethel Harriet Hearn.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

ModernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading Modern (1899) Norwegian translation: Gustav Storm.

NorwegiannounUS /ˌnɔːrˈwiːdʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Norway

From this reading Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading English translation (based on modern Norwegian, not on original): Ethel Harriet Hearn.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

OLAF

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading English translation (based on modern Norwegian, not on original): Ethel Harriet Hearn.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

OriginaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).

pagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

relativenounUS /ˈrelətɪv/

a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

SagasnounUS /ˈsɑːɡəz/

plural of “saga” — a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

SecnounUS /sek/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

Snorre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).

Snorri

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).

spelledverbUS /speld/

past form of “spell” — orally recite the letters of or give the spelling of

From this reading Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).

StormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading Modern (1899) Norwegian translation: Gustav Storm.

Sturlason

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).

Sturluson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Original author: Snorri Sturluson (generally spelled Snorre Sturlason in Norwegian).

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading Modern (1899) Norwegian translation: Gustav Storm.

TRYGGVASON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

TYRANTnounUS /ˈtaɪrənt/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading The Sagas of OLAF TRYGGVASON and of HARALD THE TYRANT (Harald Haardraade) The places of notes in the text are indicated thus Sec..

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The relative matter will be found at the end of the book in due order as to page and line.

Chapter 1 of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald by Snorri Sturluson holds 421 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald contain?

Chapter 1 holds 421 sentences of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald by Snorri Sturluson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 421 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald

Common questions about reading The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald by Snorri Sturluson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald?

Yes. All 2459 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22093 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22093, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald take to read?

About 204 minutes of reading across 492 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald section by section

How to work through The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald

Words and structures a reader meets early in The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Snorri
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sturluson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The sagas of Olaf Tryggvason and of Harald; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.