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The Satyricon — Complete
The Satyricon — Complete

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Satyricon — Complete is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
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pestilence.”
In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.
The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.
We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.
6, and lib. xxviii, chap.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Satyricon — Complete

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Satyricon — Complete is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
pestilence.”
/ˈpestələns/
Line 2
In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.
Line 3
The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.
/ðə dɪˈskrɪpʃənz wɪtʃ ˈʌðər ˈɔːθərz hæv set daʊn ɑːr ˈiːkwəli rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl fɔːr ðer ˈpaʊərfəl ˈkʌlərɪŋ ənd ðeɪ liːv ʌs wɪð æn aɪˈdiːə ʌv roʊm wɪtʃ ɪz ˈpɑːzətɪvli əˈstaʊndɪŋ ɪn ɪts ənˈbraɪdəld ˈlʌɡʒəri/
Line 4
We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.
Line 5
6, and lib. xxviii, chap.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

astounding adjective US /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/

bewildering or striking dumb with wonder

From this reading “The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.”

caricature verb US /ˈkerəkətʃər/

represent in or produce a caricature of

From this reading “In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.”

coloring noun US /ˈkʌlərɪŋ/

a digestible substance used to give color to food

From this reading “The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.”

pestilence noun US /ˈpestələns/

a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading “pestilence.””

portrayal noun US /pɔːrˈtreɪəl/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading “‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.”

refers verb US /rəˈfɜːrz/

third-person singular of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading “In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.”

tracing noun US /ˈtreɪsɪŋ/

the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline

From this reading “In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.”

unbridled adjective US /ənˈbraɪdəld/

not restrained or controlled

From this reading “The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6, and lib. xxviii, chap.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

Ammianus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

astoundingadjectiveUS /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/

bewildering or striking dumb with wonder

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

caricatureverbUS /ˈkerəkətʃər/

represent in or produce a caricature of

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

chapnounUS /tʃæp/

a boy or man

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

coloringnounUS /ˈkʌlərɪŋ/

a digestible substance used to give color to food

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

contentnounUS /ˈkɑːntent/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

Crotona

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

descriptionsnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “description” — a statement that represents something in words

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

empirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

lib

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

luxurynounUS /ˈlʌɡʒəri/

something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

Marcellinus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

offeringnounUS /ˈɔːfərɪŋ/

something offered (as a proposal or bid)

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

pestilencenounUS /ˈpestələns/

a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading pestilence.”

Petroniusnoun

Roman satirist (died in 66)

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

portrayalnounUS /pɔːrˈtreɪəl/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

positivelyadverbUS /ˈpɑːzətɪvli/

extremely

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

quotedverbUS /ˈkwoʊtɪd/

past form of “quote” — repeat a passage from

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

refersverbUS /rəˈfɜːrz/

third-person singular of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

tracingnounUS /ˈtreɪsɪŋ/

the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline

From this reading In tracing this savage caricature, Petronius had in mind not Crotona alone; he refers to conditions in the capital of the empire.

unbridledadjectiveUS /ənˈbraɪdəld/

not restrained or controlled

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The descriptions which other authors have set down are equally remarkable for their powerful coloring, and they leave us with an idea of Rome which is positively astounding in its unbridled luxury.

xivnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of thirteen and one

From this reading ‘We will rest content with offering to our readers the following portrayal, quoted from Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xiv, chap.

xxviiinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-seven and one

From this reading 6, and lib. xxviii, chap.

Chapter 8 of The Satyricon — Complete by 20-66 Petronius Arbiter holds 59 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Satyricon — Complete contain?

Chapter 8 holds 59 sentences of The Satyricon — Complete, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Satyricon — Complete by 20-66 Petronius Arbiter exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 59 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Satyricon — Complete?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Satyricon — Complete

Common questions about reading The Satyricon — Complete by 20-66 Petronius Arbiter on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Satyricon — Complete?

Yes. All 950 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5225 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Satyricon — Complete is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5225, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Satyricon — Complete take to read?

About 79 minutes of reading across 190 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Satyricon — Complete

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Satyricon — Complete, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Arena
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Satyricon — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Activities
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Satyricon — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
However
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Satyricon — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Venus
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Satyricon — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.