Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Scarlet Banner
The Scarlet Banner

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Scarlet Banner is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Scarlet Banner
Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.
To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.
They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.
He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.
Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Scarlet Banner

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Scarlet Banner is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.
Line 2
To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.
Line 3
They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.
/ðeɪ wɜːr nɑːt tuː ʃʌn bʌt ˈræðər ˌɪnˈvaɪt ə ˈskɜːrmɪʃ wɪð ðə ˈaʊtpoʊsts/
Line 4
He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.
/hiː hɪmˈself wɑːz tuː ˈfɑːloʊ ðə nekst deɪ wɪð ðə meɪn ˈbɑːdi ʌv ðə ˈɪnfəntri ənd ðə faɪv ˈhʌndrəd ˌɪˈlɪriən ˈhɔːrsmən/
Line 5
Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.
/ˈoʊnli ðə fjuː ˈsoʊldʒərz ˌæbsəˈluːtli riˈkwaɪərd tuː ɡɑːrd ðə ɡeɪts ˈtaʊərz ənd wɔːlz rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ðə ˈsɪti/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Carthage noun US /ˈkɑːrθədʒ/

an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697

From this reading “The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.”

defy verb US /dɪˈfaɪ/

resist or confront with resistance

From this reading “The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.”

fortifications noun US /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading “The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.”

Illyrian noun US /ˌɪˈlɪriən/

a minor and almost extinct branch of the Indo-European languages; spoken along the Dalmatian coast

From this reading “He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.”

inspecting verb US /ˌɪnˈspektɪŋ/

-ing form of “inspect” — look over carefully

From this reading “The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.”

outposts noun US /ˈaʊtpoʊsts/

plural of “outpost” — a station in a remote or sparsely populated location

From this reading “They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.”

shun verb US /ʃʌn/

avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of

From this reading “They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.”

skirmish noun US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading “They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

five hundred noun + noun

the cardinal number that is the product of one hundred and five

In this reading “The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.”

main body adjective + noun

In this reading “He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.”

next day adjective + noun

In this reading “He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.”

following day adjective + noun

In this reading “The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.”

sufficiently strong adverb + adjective

In this reading “The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.”

meet the foe verb + article + noun counted as “meet … foe”

In this reading “The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.”

remained in verb + particle counted as “remain in”

In this reading “Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.”

in the city preposition + article + noun counted as “in … city”

In this reading “Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

Althias

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

assignedadjectiveUS /əˈsaɪnd/

appointed to a post or duty

From this reading To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.

bannernounUS /ˈbænər/

long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising

From this reading To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.

Belisariusnoun

Byzantine general under Justinian I; he recovered former Roman territories in northern Africa and fought against the Persians

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.

CarthagenounUS /ˈkɑːrθədʒ/

an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

defeatedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

defyverbUS /dɪˈfaɪ/

resist or confront with resistance

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

foenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

fortificationsnounUS /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

horsemennounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

IllyriannounUS /ˌɪˈlɪriən/

a minor and almost extinct branch of the Indo-European languages; spoken along the Dalmatian coast

From this reading He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.

Illyrians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

imperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

infantrynounUS /ˈɪnfəntri/

an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot

From this reading He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.

inspectingverbUS /ˌɪnˈspektɪŋ/

-ing form of “inspect” — look over carefully

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

inviteverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪt/

increase the likelihood of

From this reading They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

OnlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

outpostsnounUS /ˈaʊtpoʊsts/

plural of “outpost” — a station in a remote or sparsely populated location

From this reading They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.

pickedverbUS /pɪkt/

past form of “pick” — select carefully from a group

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.

restoredverbUS /rɪˈstɔːrd/

past form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

shield-bearers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.

shunverbUS /ʃʌn/

avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of

From this reading They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.

siegenounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

skirmishnounUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.

Thraciannoun

an inhabitant of ancient Thrace

From this reading To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The following day, after again inspecting the restored fortifications of Carthage, and finding them sufficiently strong to receive, in case of necessity, his defeated army and defy a siege, Belisarius sent all the cavalry, except five hundred picked Illyrians, out of the gates to meet the foe.

towersnounUS /ˈtaʊərz/

plural of “tower” — a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Only the few soldiers absolutely required to guard the gates, towers, and walls remained in the city.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He himself was to follow the next day with the main body of the infantry and the five hundred Illyrian horsemen.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were not to shun, but rather invite a skirmish with the outposts.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading To Althias the Thracian he assigned the chosen body of shield-bearers with the imperial banner.

Chapter 30 of The Scarlet Banner by Felix Dahn holds 60 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of The Scarlet Banner contain?

Chapter 30 holds 60 sentences of The Scarlet Banner, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of The Scarlet Banner by Felix Dahn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 60 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of The Scarlet Banner?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Scarlet Banner

Common questions about reading The Scarlet Banner by Felix Dahn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Scarlet Banner?

Yes. All 6024 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32461 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Scarlet Banner is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32461, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Scarlet Banner take to read?

About 502 minutes of reading across 1205 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Scarlet Banner section by section

How to work through The Scarlet Banner section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Scarlet Banner to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Scarlet Banner

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Scarlet Banner, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scarlet Banner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
German
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scarlet Banner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Safford
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scarlet Banner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Translator
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scarlet Banner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.