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The Scarlet Banner
The Scarlet Banner

Chapter XL

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.
Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.
The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.
We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.
Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Scarlet Banner

Chapter XL

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.
Line 2
Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.
Line 3
The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.
Line 4
We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.
Line 5
Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Asked noun US /asked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.”

Body noun US /body/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.”

Foot noun US /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.”

Found noun US /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.”

Know noun US /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.”

Mantle noun US /ˈmæntəl/

a loose covering like a cloak

From this reading “Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.”

Obtain verb US /əbˈteɪn/

to get something, especially through effort

From this reading “We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.”

Strength noun US /ˈstrength/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.”

Went noun US /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.”

Worn verb US /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading “Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

acacia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

aloud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

askednounUS /asked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

bare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

bodynounUS /body/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

camel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

capital

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.

captive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

Carthage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

cast-off

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

CETHEGUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

Close

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.

crazy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

declined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

declining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

desert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

disapproved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

downward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.

face

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.

failed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.

Fara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

fell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.

footnounUS /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

foundnounUS /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

garments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

gate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.

gear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

girdle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

half-tattered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

hard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

HEpronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

hermits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

horse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

horse-bridle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

inside

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

instead

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

knownounUS /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

language

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

Latin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

longer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

mantlenounUS /ˈmæntəl/

a loose covering like a cloak

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

obtainverbUS /əbˈteɪn/

to get something, especially through effort

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

offered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

penitent's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

points

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

praying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

probably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

PROCOPIUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

purple

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

remaining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

road

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.

sharp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

silent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

strengthnounUS /ˈstrength/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Close to the gate of his capital, his strength failed, and he fell, face downward, in the road.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

suitable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

thorns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

Tyrant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

Vandal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

wear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

wentnounUS /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading PROCOPIUS TO CETHEGUS: HE went all the way to Carthage on foot, declining horse or camel, remaining silent or praying aloud in Latin, no longer in the Vandal language.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.

wish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We did not know how to obtain such crazy gear, and Fara probably disapproved the wish, so the "Tyrant" himself made one from a cast-off horse-bridle which he found and the hard, sharp thorns of the desert acacia.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The captive declined, and asked for a penitent's girdle, with sharp points on the inside, such as the hermits wear in the desert.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading Fara offered him suitable garments instead of the worn, half-tattered purple mantle which he had on his bare body.