Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Scarlet Letter
The Scarlet Letter

Chapter VII

Chapter 7, section 1: Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, wer
Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.
Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.
In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.
Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.
By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Scarlet Letter

Chapter VII

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.
Line 2
Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.
Line 3
In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.
Line 4
Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.
Line 5
By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

public noun US /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading “Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.”

Collocations
Public ceremoniesA source-grounded phrase from this reading.
ceremonies suchA source-grounded phrase from this reading.
All words in this reading · 122

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

afforded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

allowed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

anothernounUS /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.

apparel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

array

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

assuming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

babies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.

Baby-linen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.

bands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

became

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

bodynounUS /body/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

ceremonial

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

ceremonies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

characteristic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

cloth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

deadnounUS /dead/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

deemed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

Deep

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

degrees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

demand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

devices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

dignified

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

emblematic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

embroidered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

emolument

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.

evennounUS /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

extravagances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

fashion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

forbade

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

forms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

frequent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

funerals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

give

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

gloves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

gorgeously

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

government

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

handiwork

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

Hester

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

individuals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

installation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

labour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

lawn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

laws

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

magistratesplural nounUS /ˈmædʒɪstreɪts/

civil officers who administer local law

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

magnificence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

majesty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

manifested

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

manifold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

marked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

matter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

necessary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

new

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

official

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

ordernounUS /order/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

ordinations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

painfully

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

plebeian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

policy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

possibility

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.

power

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

Prynne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

PublicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

rank

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

readilynounUS /readily/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

reins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

robes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.

ruffs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

sable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

similar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

slowly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

snowy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

sombre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

sorrow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

state

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

stately

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.

studied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

sumptuary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

supply

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

survivors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

termed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

toil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.

too

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

typify

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

wealth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

well-conducted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading In the array of funerals, too—whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors—there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

wore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Baby-linen—for babies then wore robes of state—afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading By degrees, not very slowly, her handiwork became what would now be termed the fashion.

wrought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves, were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power, and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a sombre, but yet a studied magnificence.