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The School Friends
The School Friends

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The School Friends is here in full — 617 sentences across 124 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/123 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.
They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.
They were general favourites, though for different causes.
Lance was decidedly best liked by the masters.
He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The School Friends

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The School Friends is here in full — 617 sentences across 124 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/123 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.
Line 2
They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.
/ðeɪ wɜːr boʊθ ɪn ðə ˈʌpər ɔːr sɪksθ fɔːrm bʌt læns wɑːz ˈnɪrli æt ðə hed waɪl ˈeməri wɑːz æt ðə ˈbɑːtəm ʌv ðə fɔːrm/
Line 3
They were general favourites, though for different causes.
Line 4
Lance was decidedly best liked by the masters.
/læns wɑːz ˌdɪˈsaɪdədli best laɪkt baɪ ðə ˈmæstərz/
Line 5
He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bullied verb US /ˈbʊlid/

inflected form of “bully” — be bossy towards

From this reading “He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.”

causes noun US /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading “They were general favourites, though for different causes.”

decidedly adverb US /ˌdɪˈsaɪdədli/

without question and beyond doubt

From this reading “Lance was decidedly best liked by the masters.”

Emery noun US /ˈeməri/

a hard grey-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)

From this reading “Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.”

Lance noun US /læns/

a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading “Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.”

persevering adjective US /pərsəˈvɪrɪŋ/

quietly and steadily persevering especially in detail or exactness

From this reading “He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.”

sixth adjective US /sɪksθ/

coming next after the fifth and just before the seventh in position

From this reading “They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.”

studious adjective US /ˈstuːdiəs/

marked by care and effort

From this reading “He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at the bottom preposition + article + noun counted as “at … bottom”

In this reading “They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.”

little boy adjective + noun

In this reading “He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.”

brought up verb + adjective counted as “bring up”

summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

In this reading “Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.”

at the head preposition + article + noun counted as “at … head”

In this reading “They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

allowverbUS /əˈlaʊ/

make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Lance was decidedly best liked by the masters.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

bulliedverbUS /ˈbʊlid/

inflected form of “bully” — be bossy towards

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Lance was decidedly best liked by the masters.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading They were general favourites, though for different causes.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

decidedlyadverbUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdədli/

without question and beyond doubt

From this reading Lance was decidedly best liked by the masters.

defendverbUS /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading They were general favourites, though for different causes.

Dulman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

Elmerston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

EmerynounUS /ˈeməri/

a hard grey-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

favourites

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were general favourites, though for different causes.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They were general favourites, though for different causes.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading They were general favourites, though for different causes.

generousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəs/

willing to give and share unstintingly

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

Grammar-School

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

kind-heartedadjective

having or proceeding from an innately kind disposition

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

LancenounUS /læns/

a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

likedadjectiveUS /laɪkt/

found pleasant or attractive; often used as a combining form

From this reading Lance was decidedly best liked by the masters.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

Loughton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading Lance was decidedly best liked by the masters.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

perseveringadjectiveUS /pərsəˈvɪrɪŋ/

quietly and steadily persevering especially in detail or exactness

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

sixthadjectiveUS /sɪksθ/

coming next after the fifth and just before the seventh in position

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

steadyverbUS /ˈstedi/

make steady

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

studiousadjectiveUS /ˈstuːdiəs/

marked by care and effort

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading They were general favourites, though for different causes.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Lance Loughton and Emery Dulman were brought up together at Elmerston Grammar-School.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading They were both in the upper or sixth form; but Lance was nearly at the head, while Emery was at the bottom, of the form.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He was steady, persevering, and studious, besides being generous, kind-hearted, and brave--ever ready to defend the weak against the strong, while he would never allow a little boy to be bullied by a big one if he could help it.

Chapter 1 of The School Friends by William Henry Giles Kingston holds 617 sentences, grouped into 124 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The School Friends contain?

Chapter 1 holds 617 sentences of The School Friends, unabridged, divided into 124 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The School Friends by William Henry Giles Kingston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 617 sentences, grouped into 124 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The School Friends?

Work through the 124 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 124 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The School Friends

Common questions about reading The School Friends by William Henry Giles Kingston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The School Friends?

Yes. All 2398 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40688 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The School Friends is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40688, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The School Friends take to read?

About 199 minutes of reading across 480 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The School Friends section by section

How to work through The School Friends section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of The School Friends to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The School Friends

Words and structures a reader meets early in The School Friends, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The School Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Loughton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The School Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Emery
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The School Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dulman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The School Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.