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The Scientific American Boy
The Scientific American Boy

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Scientific American Boy is here in full — 139 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Scientific American Boy
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WATER WHEEL.
Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.
Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.
It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.
Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Scientific American Boy

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Scientific American Boy is here in full — 139 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WATER WHEEL.
/ðə ˈwɔːtər wiːl/
Line 2
Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.
/ˈsʌmər faʊnd ʌs əˈɡen ɑːn ˈwɪloʊ klʌmp ˈaɪlənd wɪð hedz fʊl ʌv nuː aɪˈdiːəz/
Line 3
Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.
Line 4
It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.
Line 5
Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ancients noun US /ˈeɪntʃənts/

people who lived in times long past (especially during the historical period before the fall of the Roman Empire in western Europe)

From this reading “It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.”

Clump noun US /klʌmp/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading “Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.”

describing verb US /dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ/

-ing form of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading “It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.”

devices noun US /dɪˈvaɪsəz/

an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase “left to your own devices”

From this reading “It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.”

Hydraulics noun US /haɪˈdrɔːlɪks/

study of the mechanics of fluids

From this reading “Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.”

machines noun US /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading “It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.”

principally adverb US /ˈprɪnsɪpli/

for the most part

From this reading “It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.”

Willow noun US /ˈwɪloʊ/

any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix

From this reading “Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.

absorbingly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

ancientsnounUS /ˈeɪntʃənts/

people who lived in times long past (especially during the historical period before the fall of the Roman Empire in western Europe)

From this reading It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.

BillnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

ClumpnounUS /klʌmp/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

copynounUS /ˈkɑːpi/

a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

describingverbUS /dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ/

-ing form of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.

devicesnounUS /dɪˈvaɪsəz/

an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase “left to your own devices”

From this reading It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

Ewbanks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

HydraulicsnounUS /haɪˈdrɔːlɪks/

study of the mechanics of fluids

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

IslandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.

librarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

principallyadverbUS /ˈprɪnsɪpli/

for the most part

From this reading It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.

raisingnounUS /ˈreɪzɪŋ/

the event of something being raised upward

From this reading It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.

RatheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Bill had come across an old copy of Ewbanks' "Hydraulics" in the school library.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

SummernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WATER WHEEL.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a book describing machines of the ancients--principally devices for raising water.

WATERnounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading THE WATER WHEEL.

wetadjectiveUS /wet/

covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading Rather dry reading, I thought, even though it was a wet subject; but Bill seemed to find it absorbingly interesting.

WHEELverbUS /wiːl/

change directions as if revolving on a pivot

From this reading THE WATER WHEEL.

WillownounUS /ˈwɪloʊ/

any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Summer found us again on Willow Clump Island with heads full of new ideas.

Chapter 20 of The Scientific American Boy by A. Russell (Alexander Russell) Bond holds 139 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Scientific American Boy contain?

Chapter 20 holds 139 sentences of The Scientific American Boy, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Scientific American Boy by A. Russell (Alexander Russell) Bond exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 139 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Scientific American Boy?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Scientific American Boy

Common questions about reading The Scientific American Boy by A. Russell (Alexander Russell) Bond on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Scientific American Boy?

Yes. All 2637 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15831 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Scientific American Boy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15831, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Scientific American Boy take to read?

About 219 minutes of reading across 528 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Scientific American Boy section by section

How to work through The Scientific American Boy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The Scientific American Boy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Scientific American Boy

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Scientific American Boy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Skate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scientific American Boy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sails
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scientific American Boy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Duties
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scientific American Boy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Secretary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scientific American Boy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.