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The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1
The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1 is here in full — 100 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE OLD CLOCKCASE.
In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.
THE AYRSHIRE TRAGEDY.
The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.
The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1 is here in full — 100 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE OLD CLOCKCASE.
Line 2
In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.
Line 3
THE AYRSHIRE TRAGEDY.
/ðə ˈeɪərʃaɪər ˈtrædʒədi/
Line 4
The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.
/ðə ˈentrəns tuː ðə ˈmænʃən wɑːz baɪ ðə ˈneroʊ ˈtaʊər ɔːlˈredi dɪˈskraɪbd ənd wɪtʃ kənˈteɪnd wʌt ɪz kɔːld ɪn ˈskɑːtlənd ðə ˈtɜːrnpaɪk ə ˈspaɪrəl ster ˈtɜːrnɪŋ ˈʃɑːrpli raʊnd ɑːn ɪts ˈæksəs/
Line 5
The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

axis noun US /ˈæksəs/

a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions

From this reading “The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.”

ayrshire noun US /ˈeɪərʃaɪər/

hardy breed of dairy cattle from Ayr, Scotland

From this reading “THE AYRSHIRE TRAGEDY.”

incline noun US /ˌɪnˈklaɪn/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading “In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.”

mossy adjective US /ˈmɔːsi/

overgrown with moss

From this reading “The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.”

ornamented verb US /ˈɔːrnəmentɪd/

past form of “ornament” — make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading “The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.”

sceptre noun US /ˈseptər/

the imperial authority symbolized by a scepter

From this reading “In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.”

spiral noun US /ˈspaɪrəl/

a plane curve traced by a point circling about the center but at increasing distances from the center

From this reading “The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.”

Turnpike noun US /ˈtɜːrnpaɪk/

(from 16th to 19th centuries) gates set across a road to prevent passage until a toll had been paid

From this reading “The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

already described adverb + adjective

In this reading “The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

accuser's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

armorialadjective

of or relating to heraldry or heraldic arms

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

axisnounUS /ˈæksəs/

a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

AYRSHIREnounUS /ˈeɪərʃaɪər/

hardy breed of dairy cattle from Ayr, Scotland

From this reading THE AYRSHIRE TRAGEDY.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

CLOCKCASE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE OLD CLOCKCASE.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

doorwaynounUS /ˈdɔːrweɪ/

the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

dothauxiliary verbUS /dɔːθ/

an old form of “does”

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

heavilyadverbUS /ˈhevəli/

to a considerable degree

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

inclinenounUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪn/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

mansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

meanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

mossyadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːsi/

overgrown with moss

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

moulded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

OLDadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading THE OLD CLOCKCASE.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

ornamentedverbUS /ˈɔːrnəmentɪd/

past form of “ornament” — make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

rosesnounUS /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

saltirenoun

a cross resembling the letter x, with diagonal bars of equal length

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

scalenounUS /skeɪl/

an ordered reference standard

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

sceptrenounUS /ˈseptər/

the imperial authority symbolized by a scepter

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

sharplyadverbUS /ˈʃɑːrpli/

in an aggressive manner

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The small doorway was heavily moulded, and ornamented above by a mossy coat armorial, the saltire and four roses.

spiralnounUS /ˈspaɪrəl/

a plane curve traced by a point circling about the center but at increasing distances from the center

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

stairnounUS /ster/

support consisting of a place to rest the foot while ascending or descending a stairway

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE OLD CLOCKCASE.

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the meanwhile The King doth ill to throw his royal sceptre In the accuser's scale, ere he can know How justice shall incline it.

towernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

TRAGEDYnounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading THE AYRSHIRE TRAGEDY.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

TurnpikenounUS /ˈtɜːrnpaɪk/

(from 16th to 19th centuries) gates set across a road to prevent passage until a toll had been paid

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The entrance to the mansion was by the narrow tower already described, and which contained what is called in Scotland the Turnpike, a spiral stair, turning sharply round on its axis.

Chapter 4 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1 by James Grant holds 100 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 100 sentences of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1 by James Grant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 100 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1

Common questions about reading The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1 by James Grant on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1?

Yes. All 2366 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66120 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66120, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1 take to read?

About 197 minutes of reading across 474 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1 section by section

How to work through The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cavalier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Historical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.