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The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3
The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3 is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BATTLE OF STEINKIRKE.
As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.
ILIAD, BOOK IV.
It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.
In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3 is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BATTLE OF STEINKIRKE.
Line 2
As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.
Line 3
ILIAD, BOOK IV.
Line 4
It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.
Line 5
In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

carousing adjective US /kərˈaʊzɪŋ/

used of riotously drunken merrymaking

From this reading “In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.”

confederates noun US /kənˈfedərəts/

plural of “confederate” — a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading “It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.”

Finland noun US /ˈfɪnlænd/

republic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917

From this reading “In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.”

Flemish noun US /ˈflemɪʃ/

an ethnic group speaking Flemish and living in northern and western Belgium

From this reading “In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.”

iliad noun US /ˈɪliəd/

a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy

From this reading “ILIAD, BOOK IV.”

Luxembourg noun US /ˈlʌksəmbɔːrɡ/

the capital and largest city of Luxembourg

From this reading “It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.”

rebound verb US /riˈbaʊnd/

spring back; spring away from an impact

From this reading “As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.”

vales noun US /veɪlz/

plural of “vale” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading “As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

famous battle adjective + noun

In this reading “It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.”

at home preposition + noun

a reception held in your own home

In this reading “In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.”

With rage preposition + noun

In this reading “As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.”

hears the sound verb + article + noun counted as “hear … sound”

In this reading “As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.”

for the purpose preposition + article + noun counted as “for … purpose”

In this reading “In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.”

from the roof preposition + article + noun counted as “from … roof”

In this reading “In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

actedverbUS /ˈæktɪd/

past form of “act” — perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

BATTLEnounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading THE BATTLE OF STEINKIRKE.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

blazingadjectiveUS /ˈbleɪzɪŋ/

shining intensely

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

BOOKnounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading ILIAD, BOOK IV.

borrowedverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊd/

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

carousingadjectiveUS /kərˈaʊzɪŋ/

used of riotously drunken merrymaking

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

channelsnounUS /ˈtʃænəlz/

official routes of communication

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

confederatesnounUS /kənˈfedərəts/

plural of “confederate” — a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

criesnounUS /kraɪz/

plural of “cry” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

DouglasnounUS /ˈdʌɡləs/

United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

Duc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

echoingadjectiveUS /ˈekoʊɪŋ/

(of sounds) repeating by reflection

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

encounteredverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntərd/

past form of “encounter” — come together

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

Fenton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

FinlandnounUS /ˈfɪnlænd/

republic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

FlemishnounUS /ˈflemɪʃ/

an ethnic group speaking Flemish and living in northern and western Belgium

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

François

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

gallantadjectiveUS /ˈɡælənt/

unflinching in battle or action

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

hearsverbUS /hiːrz/

third-person singular of “hear” — perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

Henri

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

hostsnounUS /hoʊsts/

plural of “host” — a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

ignorancenounUS /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

ILIADnounUS /ˈɪliəd/

a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy

From this reading ILIAD, BOOK IV.

impetuousadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpetʃwəs/

characterized by undue haste and lack of thought or deliberation

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading ILIAD, BOOK IV.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

LuxembourgnounUS /ˈlʌksəmbɔːrɡ/

the capital and largest city of Luxembourg

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

misfortunenounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

mixverbUS /mɪks/

mix together different elements

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BATTLE OF STEINKIRKE.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

pour'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

raftersnounUS /ˈræftərz/

plural of “rafter” — one of several parallel sloping beams that support a roof

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

ragenounUS /reɪdʒ/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

reboundverbUS /riˈbaʊnd/

spring back; spring away from an impact

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

rills

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

RoarverbUS /rɔːr/

make a loud noise, as of wind, water, or vehicles

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

rollverbUS /roʊl/

move by turning over or rotating

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

RushverbUS /rʌʃ/

move hurridly

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

shepherdnounUS /ˈʃepərd/

a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

STEINKIRKE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BATTLE OF STEINKIRKE.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BATTLE OF STEINKIRKE.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

torrentsnounUS /ˈtɔːrənts/

plural of “torrent” — a heavy rain

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

tremblingnounUS /ˈtrembəlɪŋ/

a shaky motion

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

valesnounUS /veɪlz/

plural of “vale” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

WalternounUS /ˈwɔːltər/

German conductor (1876-1962)

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading In happy ignorance of what was being acted at home by those whose memory lay so near their hearts, Walter Fenton and Douglas of Finland were carousing with their brothers in war and misfortune around a blazing fire, composed of rafters borrowed for the purpose from the roof of a neighbouring Flemish house.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the night before the famous battle of Steinkirke, when the confederates under William III. encountered the gallant and brilliant army of the great François Henri Duc de Luxembourg.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As torrents roll increased by numerous rills, With rage impetuous down their echoing hills; Rush to the vales and pour'd along the plain, Roar through a thousand channels to the main; The distant shepherd trembling hears the sound: So mix both hosts, and so their cries rebound.

Chapter 16 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3 by James Grant holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3 contain?

Chapter 16 holds 103 sentences of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3 by James Grant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3

Common questions about reading The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3 by James Grant on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3?

Yes. All 2505 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66122 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66122, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3 take to read?

About 208 minutes of reading across 501 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3 section by section

How to work through The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Scottish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cavalier
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Historical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Cavalier — Volume 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.