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The Scottish Chiefs
The Scottish Chiefs

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Scottish Chiefs is here in full — 444 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Citadel.
During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.
His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.
Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!
It was, then, the enemy of her kinsmen of the house of Cummin!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Scottish Chiefs

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Scottish Chiefs is here in full — 444 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Citadel.
/ðə ˈsɪt.ə.del/
Line 2
During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.
Line 3
His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.
Line 4
Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!
Line 5
It was, then, the enemy of her kinsmen of the house of Cummin!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adherents noun US /ædˈhɪrənts/

plural of “adherent” — someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading “Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!”

Citadel noun US /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading “The Citadel.”

disclosing verb US /dɪˈskloʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “disclose” — make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret

From this reading “His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.”

flexible adjective US /ˈfleksəbəl/

capable of being changed

From this reading “His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.”

symmetry noun US /ˈsɪmətri/

(mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane

From this reading “His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.”

tartan noun US /ˈtɑːrtən/

a cloth having a crisscross design

From this reading “His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.”

unrestrained adjective US /ˌʌnriˈstreɪnd/

not subject to restraint

From this reading “During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.”

vest verb US /vest/

provide with power and authority

From this reading “His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adherentsnounUS /ædˈhɪrənts/

plural of “adherent” — someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

advantagenounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

bathedverbUS /beɪðd/

past form of “bathe” — cleanse the entire body

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

breathingnounUS /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

CitadelnounUS /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading The Citadel.

corseletnoun

a piece of body armor for the trunk; usually consists of a breastplate and back piece

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

countessnounUS /ˈkaʊntəs/

female equivalent of a count or earl

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

Cummin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was, then, the enemy of her kinsmen of the house of Cummin!

disclosingverbUS /dɪˈskloʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “disclose” — make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

displayedverbUS /dɪˈspleɪd/

past form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading It was, then, the enemy of her kinsmen of the house of Cummin!

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

flexibleadjectiveUS /ˈfleksəbəl/

capable of being changed

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

foldsnounUS /foʊldz/

plural of “fold” — an angular or rounded shape made by folding

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

gazenounUS /ɡeɪz/

a long fixed look

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

gracefuladjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪsfəl/

characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

helmetnounUS /ˈhelmət/

armor plate that protects the head

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

heroicadjectiveUS /hɪˈroʊɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

Heselrigge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading It was, then, the enemy of her kinsmen of the house of Cummin!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

kinsmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was, then, the enemy of her kinsmen of the house of Cummin!

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

manlyadjectiveUS /ˈmænli/

possessing qualities befitting a man

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

plumedadjective

having or covered with or abounding in plumes

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

repastnoun

the food served and eaten at one time

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

symmetrynounUS /ˈsɪmətri/

(mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

tartannounUS /ˈtɑːrtən/

a cloth having a crisscross design

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Citadel.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It was, then, the enemy of her kinsmen of the house of Cummin!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

tyrantnounUS /ˈtaɪrənt/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

unbuckled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

unrestrainedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnriˈstreɪnd/

not subject to restraint

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

vengeancenounUS /ˈvendʒəns/

the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life

From this reading Was it the formidable Wallace she looked on, bathed in the blood of Heselrigge, and breathing vengeance against the adherents of the tyrant Edward!

vestverbUS /vest/

provide with power and authority

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

WallacenounUS /ˈwɔːləs/

Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His plumed helmet was now laid aside; and the heavy corselet unbuckled from his breast, disclosing the symmetry of his fine form, left its graceful movements to be displayed with advantage by the flexible folds of his simple tartan vest.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

youthfuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːθfəl/

suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh

From this reading During the repast, the countess often fixed her unrestrained gaze on the manly yet youthful countenance of the heroic Wallace.

Chapter 12 of The Scottish Chiefs by Jane Porter holds 444 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Scottish Chiefs contain?

Chapter 12 holds 444 sentences of The Scottish Chiefs, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Scottish Chiefs by Jane Porter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 444 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Scottish Chiefs?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Scottish Chiefs

Common questions about reading The Scottish Chiefs by Jane Porter on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Scottish Chiefs?

Yes. All 11364 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6086 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Scottish Chiefs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6086, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Scottish Chiefs take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2273 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Scottish Chiefs section by section

How to work through The Scottish Chiefs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Scottish Chiefs

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Scottish Chiefs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Scotland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bright
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Summer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Desolated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.