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The Scottish Chiefs
The Scottish Chiefs

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Scottish Chiefs is here in full — 215 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Stirling.
Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.
They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.
The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.
They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Scottish Chiefs

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Scottish Chiefs is here in full — 215 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Stirling.
Line 2
Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.
Line 3
They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.
/ðeɪ wɜːr əˈwer ðæt ðɪs ˈmiːtɪŋ bɪˈtwiːn ˈwɔːləs ənd ˈedwərd mʌst biː ðə ˈkraɪsəs ʌv ðer feɪt/
Line 4
The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.
/ðə fjuː huː rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ðə ˈsɪt.ə.del ʌv ðoʊz huː hæd bɔːrn ðə brʌnt ʌv ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ʌv ðɪs ˈɡlɔːriəs ˌrevəˈluːʃən fɔːr ðer ˈkʌntri wɜːr fʊl ʌv ˈsæŋɡwɪn ˌekspekˈteɪʃənz/
Line 5
They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.
/ðeɪ hæd siːn ðə ˈpraʊəs ʌv ðer ˈliːdər ðeɪ hæd ʃerd ðə ˈɡlɔːri ʌv hɪz ˈdestəni ənd ðeɪ fɪrd nɑːt ðæt ˈedwərd wʊd dɪˈpraɪv hɪm ʌv wʌn reɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

borders noun US /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading “Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.”

brunt noun US /brʌnt/

main force of a blow etc

From this reading “The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.”

chieftains noun US /ˈtʃiːftənz/

plural of “chieftain” — the leader of a group of people

From this reading “Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.”

citadel noun US /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading “The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.”

deprive verb US /dɪˈpraɪv/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading “They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.”

prowess noun US /ˈpraʊəs/

a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation

From this reading “They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.”

sanguine adjective US /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

confidently optimistic and cheerful

From this reading “The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.”

Wallace noun US /ˈwɔːləs/

Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)

From this reading “They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

bordersnounUS /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

borneverbUS /bɔːrn/

inflected form of “bear” — have

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

bruntnounUS /brʌnt/

main force of a blow etc

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

chieftainsnounUS /ˈtʃiːftənz/

plural of “chieftain” — the leader of a group of people

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

citadelnounUS /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

crisisnounUS /ˈkraɪsəs/

an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

depriveverbUS /dɪˈpraɪv/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

destinynounUS /ˈdestəni/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

expectationsnounUS /ˌekspekˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “expectation” — belief about (or mental picture of) the future

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

fearedverbUS /fɪrd/

past form of “fear” — be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

prowessnounUS /ˈpraʊəs/

a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

raynounUS /reɪ/

a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

revolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

sanguineadjectiveUS /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

confidently optimistic and cheerful

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

sharedadjectiveUS /ʃerd/

have in common; held or experienced in common

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

Stirling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Stirling.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Many chieftains from the north had come to Stirling, to be near intelligence from the borders.

WallacenounUS /ˈwɔːləs/

Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were aware that this meeting between Wallace and Edward must be the crisis of their fate.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The few who remained in the citadel, of those who had borne the brunt of the opening of this glorious revolution for their country, were full of sanguine expectations.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading They had seen the prowess of their leader, they had shared the glory of his destiny, and they feared not that Edward would deprive him of one ray.

Chapter 23 of The Scottish Chiefs by Jane Porter holds 215 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Scottish Chiefs contain?

Chapter 23 holds 215 sentences of The Scottish Chiefs, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Scottish Chiefs by Jane Porter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 215 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Scottish Chiefs?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Scottish Chiefs

Common questions about reading The Scottish Chiefs by Jane Porter on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Scottish Chiefs?

Yes. All 11364 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6086 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Scottish Chiefs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6086, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Scottish Chiefs take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2273 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Scottish Chiefs section by section

How to work through The Scottish Chiefs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Scottish Chiefs to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Scottish Chiefs

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Scottish Chiefs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Scotland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bright
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Summer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Desolated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.