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The Scottish Chiefs
The Scottish Chiefs

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of The Scottish Chiefs is here in full — 284 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Stirling.
The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.
No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.
The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.
The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Scottish Chiefs

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of The Scottish Chiefs is here in full — 284 sentences across 57 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Stirling.
Line 2
The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.
/ðə wɜːrd ʌv bruːs wɑːz æz ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbəl æz hɪz ˈspɪrət wɑːz dɪˈtɜːrmənd/
Line 3
No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.
Line 4
The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.
Line 5
The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.
/ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈɡʌvərnər ˈhezɪteɪtɪd tuː sərˈendər ɑːn ðə tɜːrmz prəˈpoʊzd ənd waɪl hɪz fɜːrst flæɡ ʌv truːs wɑːz jet ɪn ðə tent ʌv ðə ˈskɑːtɪʃ ˈmɑːnɑːrk ə ˈsekənd ərˈaɪvd tuː breɪk ɔːf ðə nɪˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adversity noun US /ədˈvɝː.sə.t̬i/

Difficulties; misfortune and hardship faced with courage.

From this reading “No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.”

citadel noun US /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading “The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.”

irreversible adjective US /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbəl/

incapable of being reversed

From this reading “The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.”

negotiation noun US /nɪˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/

a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading “The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.”

seduce verb US /sɪˈduːs/

induce to have sex

From this reading “No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.”

subdue verb US /səbˈduː/

put down by force or intimidation

From this reading “No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.”

Sutherland noun US /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading “The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.”

truce noun US /truːs/

a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms

From this reading “The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

adversitynounUS /ədˈvɝː.sə.t̬i/

Difficulties; misfortune and hardship faced with courage.

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

BrucenounUS /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

Carse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

checkverbUS /tʃek/

examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

citadelnounUS /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

flagnounUS /flæɡ/

emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

governornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

Gowrie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

hesitatedverbUS /ˈhezɪteɪtɪd/

past form of “hesitate” — pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

indulgencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

irreversibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbəl/

incapable of being reversed

From this reading The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

mischancenoun

an unpredictable outcome that is unfortunate

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

momentaryadjectiveUS /ˈmoʊmənteri/

lasting for a markedly brief time

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

monarchnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrk/

a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

negotiationnounUS /nɪˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/

a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

proposedverbUS /prəˈpoʊzd/

past form of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

regentnounUS /ˈriːdʒənt/

members of a governing board

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

ScottishnounUS /ˈskɑːtɪʃ/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

seduceverbUS /sɪˈduːs/

induce to have sex

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

Stirling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Stirling.

subdueverbUS /səbˈduː/

put down by force or intimidation

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

surrendernounUS /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

SutherlandnounUS /ˈsʌðərlənd/

Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

temptationnounUS /temˈteɪʃən/

something that seduces or has the quality to seduce

From this reading No temptation of indulgence could seduce him from the one, no mischance of adversity could subdue the other.

tentnounUS /tent/

a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

treasonnounUS /ˈtriːzən/

a crime that undermines the offender's government

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

trucenounUS /truːs/

a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

victoriousadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The standard of liberty had been raised by him on the Carse of Gowrie, and he carried it in his victorious arm from east to west, from the most northern point of Sutherland to the walls of Stirling; but there, the garrison which the treason of the late regent had admitted into the citadel gave a momentary check to his career.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading The word of Bruce was as irreversible as his spirit was determined.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The English governor hesitated to surrender on the terms proposed, and while his first flag of truce was yet in the tent of the Scottish monarch, a second arrived to break off the negotiation.

Chapter 40 of The Scottish Chiefs by Jane Porter holds 284 sentences, grouped into 57 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 40 of The Scottish Chiefs contain?

Chapter 40 holds 284 sentences of The Scottish Chiefs, unabridged, divided into 57 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 40 of The Scottish Chiefs by Jane Porter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 284 sentences, grouped into 57 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 40 of The Scottish Chiefs?

Work through the 57 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 57 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 40 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 40 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Scottish Chiefs

Common questions about reading The Scottish Chiefs by Jane Porter on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Scottish Chiefs?

Yes. All 11364 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6086 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Scottish Chiefs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6086, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Scottish Chiefs take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2273 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Scottish Chiefs section by section

How to work through The Scottish Chiefs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Scottish Chiefs to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Scottish Chiefs

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Scottish Chiefs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Scotland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bright
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Summer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Desolated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Scottish Chiefs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.