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The Sentimental Vikings
The Sentimental Vikings

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Sentimental Vikings is here in full — 578 sentences across 116 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Sentimental Vikings
Context Illustration Reading 1/115 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To E. F. C.
And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.
I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.
First, as to his birth.
Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Sentimental Vikings

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Sentimental Vikings is here in full — 578 sentences across 116 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/115 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To E. F. C.
/tuː iː ef siː/
Line 2
And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.
Line 3
I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.
Line 4
First, as to his birth.
/fɜːrst æz tuː hɪz bɜːrθ/
Line 5
Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.
/men seɪ ðæt ðə ˈhevənz wɜːr ˈdɑːrkənd ənd ðæt ˌtuːˈmʌltʃuːəs klaʊdz swept loʊ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈbætəlmənts ənd ðæt ˈvɔɪsəz wɜːr hɜːrd ˈmiːnɪŋləs ɪn ðə er/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battlements noun US /ˈbætəlmənts/

plural of “battlement” — a rampart built around the top of a castle with regular gaps for firing arrows or guns

From this reading “Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.”

centuries noun US /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading “And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.”

darkened adjective US /ˈdɑːrkənd/

(of fabrics and paper) grown dark in color over time

From this reading “Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.”

Denmark noun US /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading “And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.”

flickering adjective US /ˈflɪkərɪŋ/

shining unsteadily

From this reading “And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.”

harper noun US /ˈhɑːrpər/

someone who plays the harp

From this reading “And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.”

meaningless adjective US /ˈmiːnɪŋləs/

having no meaning or direction or purpose

From this reading “Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.”

tumultuous adjective US /ˌtuːˈmʌltʃuːəs/

characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

From this reading “Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

over the battlements preposition + article + noun counted as “over … battlement”

In this reading “Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.”

great hall adjective + noun

the principal hall in a castle or mansion; can be used for dining or entertainment

In this reading “And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.”

tell the tale verb + article + noun counted as “tell … tale”

In this reading “I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.”

ten centuries noun + noun counted as “ten century”

In this reading “And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.”

in the air preposition + article + noun counted as “in … air”

on everybody's mind

In this reading “Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

battlementsnounUS /ˈbætəlmənts/

plural of “battlement” — a rampart built around the top of a castle with regular gaps for firing arrows or guns

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading First, as to his birth.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading To E. F. C.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

darkenedadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːrkənd/

(of fabrics and paper) grown dark in color over time

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

DenmarknounUS /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading To E. F. C.

FnounUS /ef/

a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature

From this reading To E. F. C.

firelightnoun

the light of a fire (especially in a fireplace)

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading First, as to his birth.

flickeringadjectiveUS /ˈflɪkərɪŋ/

shining unsteadily

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

glownounUS /ɡloʊ/

an alert and refreshed state

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

Gorm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

handlessadjective

without a hand or hands

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

harpernounUS /ˈhɑːrpər/

someone who plays the harp

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

meaninglessadjectiveUS /ˈmiːnɪŋləs/

having no meaning or direction or purpose

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

Snorē

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

sweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To E. F. C.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

tumultuousadjectiveUS /ˌtuːˈmʌltʃuːəs/

characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

voicesnounUS /ˈvɔɪsəz/

plural of “voice” — the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Men say that the heavens were darkened, and that tumultuous clouds swept low over the battlements, and that voices were heard, meaningless, in the air.

Witlaf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And now this is the story of Witlaf the harper, that he told in the great hall of Gorm, the king of all Denmark, ten centuries ago, waving his handless arms in the flickering glow of the firelight.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

Zeeland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I tell the tale of Snorē, the lord of the north of the island of Zeeland, years ago; and of how he swept his hall as the day broke.

Chapter 1 of The Sentimental Vikings by R. V. (Richard Voorhees) Risley holds 578 sentences, grouped into 116 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Sentimental Vikings contain?

Chapter 1 holds 578 sentences of The Sentimental Vikings, unabridged, divided into 116 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Sentimental Vikings by R. V. (Richard Voorhees) Risley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 578 sentences, grouped into 116 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Sentimental Vikings?

Work through the 116 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 116 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Sentimental Vikings

Common questions about reading The Sentimental Vikings by R. V. (Richard Voorhees) Risley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Sentimental Vikings?

Yes. All 1123 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32191 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Sentimental Vikings is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32191, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Sentimental Vikings take to read?

About 93 minutes of reading across 225 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Sentimental Vikings section by section

How to work through The Sentimental Vikings section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of The Sentimental Vikings to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Sentimental Vikings

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Sentimental Vikings, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sentimental Vikings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Witlaf
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sentimental Vikings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Harper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sentimental Vikings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sentimental Vikings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.