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The Serf
The Serf

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Serf is here in full — 226 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.
_This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.
In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.
His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.
They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Serf

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Serf is here in full — 226 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.
Line 2
_This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.
/ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈhɪstəri ʌv ə mæn huː lɪvd ɪn ˈmɪzəri ənd ˈtɔːrtʃər ənd wɑːz held æz ðə ˈveri dɜːrt ʌv ðə wɜːrld/
Line 3
In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.
/ɪn ɡreɪt trəˈveɪl ʌv ˈbɑːdi ənd maɪnd ɪn ə steɪt ʌv ˈbɪtər ənd sɔːr dɪˈstres hiː lɪvd hɪz laɪf/
Line 4
His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.
Line 5
They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battlements noun US /ˈbætəlmənts/

plural of “battlement” — a rampart built around the top of a castle with regular gaps for firing arrows or guns

From this reading “They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.”

chronicles noun US /ˈkrɑːnɪkəlz/

plural of “chronicle” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading “His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.”

fen noun US /fen/

100 fen equal 1 yuan in China

From this reading “They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.”

pitiless adjective US /ˈpɪtiləs/

without mercy or pity

From this reading “His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.”

scourged verb US /skɜːrdʒd/

past form of “scourge” — punish severely; excoriate

From this reading “They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.”

seared adjective US /sɪrd/

having the surface burned quickly with intense heat

From this reading “They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.”

travail noun US /trəˈveɪl/

concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child

From this reading “In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.”

whips noun US /wɪps/

plural of “whip” — an instrument with a handle and a flexible lash that is used for whipping

From this reading “They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sore distress adjective + noun

In this reading “In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.”

stable yards adjective + noun counted as “stable yard”

In this reading “They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.”

run down verb + adjective

trace

In this reading “His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.”

from the battlements preposition + article + noun counted as “from … battlement”

In this reading “They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.”

ancient church adjective + noun

In this reading “His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.”

old chronicles adjective + noun counted as “old chronicle”

In this reading “His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.”

against the sunset preposition + article + noun counted as “against … sunset”

In this reading “They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.”

lived in verb + particle counted as “live in”

live in the house where one works

In this reading “_This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

17th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

18

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

battlementsnounUS /ˈbætəlmənts/

plural of “battlement” — a rampart built around the top of a castle with regular gaps for firing arrows or guns

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

CausenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

chroniclesnounUS /ˈkrɑːnɪkəlz/

plural of “chronicle” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

CLUBnounUS /klʌb/

a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

COMPANYnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

DarknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

dirtnounUS /dɜːrt/

the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.

dognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

effigies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

FnounUS /ef/

a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

fennounUS /fen/

100 fen equal 1 yuan in China

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

FENNO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

gentlyadverbUS /ˈdʒentli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

Hylanoun

the type genus of the Hylidae; tree toads

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

LIBERALadjectiveUS /ˈlɪbɜːrəl/

showing or characterized by broad-mindedness

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

lordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

LostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.

miserynounUS /ˈmɪzəri/

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

NATIONALadjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

Outfangthef

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

pitilessadjectiveUS /ˈpɪtiləs/

without mercy or pity

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

scourgedverbUS /skɜːrdʒd/

past form of “scourge” — punish severely; excoriate

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

searedadjectiveUS /sɪrd/

having the surface burned quickly with intense heat

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

slainnounUS /sleɪn/

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

soreadjectiveUS /sɔːr/

hurting

From this reading In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.

stableadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪbəl/

resistant to change of position or condition

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

sunsetnounUS /ˈsʌnset/

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

surviveverbUS /sərˈvaɪv/

continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

tortureverbUS /ˈtɔːrtʃər/

torment emotionally or mentally

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

TowernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

travailnounUS /trəˈveɪl/

concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child

From this reading In great travail of body and mind, in a state of bitter and sore distress, he lived his life.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

Wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

whipsnounUS /wɪps/

plural of “whip” — an instrument with a handle and a flexible lash that is used for whipping

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading _This is the history of a man who lived in misery and torture, and was held as the very dirt of the world.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading They seared him with heat and scourged him with whips, and hung him high against the sunset from the battlements of Outfangthef Tower, until his body fell in pieces to the fen dogs in the stable yards below.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading _Author of "When It Was Dark" "A Lost Cause," etc., etc._ R. F. FENNO & COMPANY 18 East 17th Street----New York NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading His death was stern and pitiless, for they would have slain a dog more gently than he._ _And yet, while his lords and masters survive only in a few old chronicles of evil Latin, or perhaps you may see poor broken effigies of them in a very ancient church, the thoughts that Hyla thought still run down time, and have their way with us now.

Chapter 1 of The Serf by Guy Thorne holds 226 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Serf contain?

Chapter 1 holds 226 sentences of The Serf, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Serf by Guy Thorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 226 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Serf?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Serf

Common questions about reading The Serf by Guy Thorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Serf?

Yes. All 3706 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41829 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Serf is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41829, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Serf take to read?

About 308 minutes of reading across 742 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Serf section by section

How to work through The Serf section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of The Serf to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Serf

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Serf, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Serf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cause
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Serf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fenno
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Serf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Serf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.