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The Serf
The Serf

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Serf is here in full — 261 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/52 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Coelum coeli Domino terram autem dedit filiis hominum."
In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."
There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.
He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.
While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Serf

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The Serf is here in full — 261 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/52 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Coelum coeli Domino terram autem dedit filiis hominum."
Line 2
In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."
Line 3
There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.
Line 4
He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.
/hiː wɑːz ˈteɪkən æt ðə end ənd ˈsentənst wɪð duːm ʌv ˈhæŋɪŋ/
Line 5
While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.
/waɪl ðə ˌeksəˈkjuːʃənər wɑːz ˈfɪtɪŋ hɪm wɪð ðə kɔːrd hiː meɪd hɪz ˈjuːʒəwəl ˈlɪtəl prer/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cord noun US /kɔːrd/

a line made of twisted fibers or threads

From this reading “While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.”

Domino noun US /ˈdɑːmənoʊ/

United States rhythm and blues pianist and singer and composer (born in 1928)

From this reading “"Coelum coeli Domino terram autem dedit filiis hominum."”

executioner noun US /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃənər/

an official who inflicts capital punishment in pursuit of a warrant

From this reading “While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.”

genial adjective US /ˈdʒiːnjəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading “There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.”

highway noun US /ˈhaɪweɪ/

a major road for any form of motor transport

From this reading “There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.”

instructive adjective US /ˌɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

serving to instruct or enlighten or inform

From this reading “In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."”

robbery noun US /ˈrɑːbəri/

larceny by threat of violence

From this reading “There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.”

sentenced verb US /ˈsentənst/

past form of “sentence” — pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law

From this reading “He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

highway robbery noun + noun

an exorbitant price

In this reading “There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.”

interesting story adjective + noun

In this reading “In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."”

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

addressverbUS /ˈædres/

speak to

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.

autem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Coelum coeli Domino terram autem dedit filiis hominum."

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

coeli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Coelum coeli Domino terram autem dedit filiis hominum."

Coelum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Coelum coeli Domino terram autem dedit filiis hominum."

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

cordnounUS /kɔːrd/

a line made of twisted fibers or threads

From this reading While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.

d'Aussy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

DeannounUS /diːn/

an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

dedit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Coelum coeli Domino terram autem dedit filiis hominum."

DominonounUS /ˈdɑːmənoʊ/

United States rhythm and blues pianist and singer and composer (born in 1928)

From this reading "Coelum coeli Domino terram autem dedit filiis hominum."

doomverbUS /duːm/

decree or designate beforehand

From this reading He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.

executionernounUS /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃənər/

an official who inflicts capital punishment in pursuit of a warrant

From this reading While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.

Fabliaux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

fifthnounUS /fɪfθ/

a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

filiis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Coelum coeli Domino terram autem dedit filiis hominum."

fittingadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtɪŋ/

in harmony with the spirit of particular persons or occasion

From this reading While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.

genialadjectiveUS /ˈdʒiːnjəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

GrandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

hangingnounUS /ˈhæŋɪŋ/

decoration that is hung (as a tapestry) on a wall or over a window

From this reading He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.

highwaynounUS /ˈhaɪweɪ/

a major road for any form of motor transport

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

hominum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Coelum coeli Domino terram autem dedit filiis hominum."

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

inferioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɪriər/

of or characteristic of low rank or importance

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

instructiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

serving to instruct or enlighten or inform

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

LenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

prayernounUS /prer/

the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving)

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

robberynounUS /ˈrɑːbəri/

larceny by threat of violence

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

ruffiannoun

a cruel and brutal fellow

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

sentencedverbUS /ˈsentənst/

past form of “sentence” — pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law

From this reading He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

SwiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.

terram

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Coelum coeli Domino terram autem dedit filiis hominum."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.

VirginnounUS /ˈvɜːrdʒɪn/

a person who has never had sex

From this reading There was once a genial ruffian who lived by highway robbery, but who, on setting about his occupation, was careful to address a prayer to the Virgin.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While the executioner was fitting him with the cord, he made his usual little prayer.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was taken at the end, and sentenced with doom of hanging.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading In the fifth volume of an instructive work by Le Grand d'Aussy, who was, in his way, a kind of inferior Dean Swift, there is an interesting story, one of a collection of "Fabliaux."

Chapter 2 of The Serf by Guy Thorne holds 261 sentences, grouped into 53 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Serf contain?

Chapter 2 holds 261 sentences of The Serf, unabridged, divided into 53 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Serf by Guy Thorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 261 sentences, grouped into 53 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Serf?

Work through the 53 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 53 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Serf

Common questions about reading The Serf by Guy Thorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Serf?

Yes. All 3706 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41829 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Serf is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41829, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Serf take to read?

About 308 minutes of reading across 742 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Serf section by section

How to work through The Serf section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of The Serf to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Serf

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Serf, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Serf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cause
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Serf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fenno
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Serf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Serf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.