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The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance
The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance
Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.
_Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.
It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.
It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.
To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.
Line 2
_Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.
Line 3
It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.
/ɪt wɑːz ə ˈlɪtəl bʌt ˈpɑːpjələs ˈvɪlədʒ ˌɪnˈhæbətəd ˈtʃiːfli baɪ ʃiːp ˈfɑːrmərz huːz flɑːks ɡreɪzd ɑːn ðə ˈneɪbərɪŋ hɪlz/
Line 4
It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.
/ɪt kənˈteɪnd ˈræðər les ðæn ə ˈhʌndrəd ˈhaʊsəz ɔːl diːp θætʃt ənd θɪk wɔːld/
Line 5
To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

belted adjective US /ˈbeltəd/

having or provided with a belt

From this reading “To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.”

Bracken noun US /ˈbrækən/

fern of southeastern Asia; not hardy in cold temperate regions

From this reading “_Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.”

grazed adjective US /ɡreɪzd/

scraped or touched lightly in passing

From this reading “It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.”

populous adjective US /ˈpɑːpjələs/

densely populated

From this reading “It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.”

spin verb US /spɪn/

revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading “Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.”

thatched verb US /θætʃt/

past form of “thatch” — cover with thatch

From this reading “It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.”

walled verb US /wɔːld/

past form of “wall” — surround with a wall in order to fortify

From this reading “It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.”

woo verb US /wuː/

seek someone's favor

From this reading “Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

BalladnounUS /ˈbæləd/

a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

beltedadjectiveUS /ˈbeltəd/

having or provided with a belt

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

bowlders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

BrackennounUS /ˈbrækən/

fern of southeastern Asia; not hardy in cold temperate regions

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

CardnounUS /kɑːrd/

one of a set of small pieces of stiff paper marked in various ways and used for playing games or for telling fortunes

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

farmersnounUS /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

flocksnounUS /flɑːks/

plural of “flock” — a church congregation guided by a pastor

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

grazedadjectiveUS /ɡreɪzd/

scraped or touched lightly in passing

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

inhabitedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈhæbətəd/

having inhabitants; lived in

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

Lauvellen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

neighboringadjectiveUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

having a common boundary or edge; abutting; touching

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

populousadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələs/

densely populated

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

spinverbUS /spɪn/

revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

Tar-ry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.

thatchedverbUS /θætʃt/

past form of “thatch” — cover with thatch

From this reading It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

walledverbUS /wɔːld/

past form of “wall” — surround with a wall in order to fortify

From this reading It contained rather less than a hundred houses, all deep thatched and thick walled.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

WaternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

weel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading To the north lay the mere, a long and irregular water, which was belted across the middle by an old Roman bridge of bowlders.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading It was a little but populous village, inhabited chiefly by sheep farmers, whose flocks grazed on the neighboring hills.

wooverbUS /wuː/

seek someone's favor

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

Wythburn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Old Ballad._ The city of Wythburn stood in a narrow valley at the foot of Lauvellen, and at the head of Bracken Water.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Tar-ry woo', tar-ry woo', Tar-ry woo' is ill to spin: Card it weel, card it weel, Card it weel ere you begin.

Chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance by Hall, Sir Caine holds 234 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance contain?

Chapter 1 holds 234 sentences of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance by Hall, Sir Caine exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 234 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Common questions about reading The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance by Hall, Sir Caine on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance?

Yes. All 8078 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14262 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14262, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1616 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tar-ry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Begin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ballad
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wythburn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.