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The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance
The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance
Context Illustration Reading 2/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.
On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.
The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.
Folks had always given them these names.
The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 2/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 6–10

Line 1
A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.
Line 2
On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.
Line 3
The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.
Line 4
Folks had always given them these names.
/foʊks hæd ˈɔːlweɪz ˈɡɪvən ðem ðiːz neɪmz/
Line 5
The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bracken noun US /ˈbrækən/

fern of southeastern Asia; not hardy in cold temperate regions

From this reading “On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.”

causeway verb US /ˈkɑːzweɪ/

provide with a causeway

From this reading “The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.”

cleft noun US /kleft/

a split or indentation in something (as the palate or chin)

From this reading “The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.”

extremity noun US /ekˈstreməti/

an external body part that projects from the body

From this reading “On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.”

gravely adverb US /ˈɡreɪvli/

in a grave and sober manner

From this reading “The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.”

rightly adverb US /ˈraɪtli/

with honesty

From this reading “The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.”

southernmost adjective US /ˈsʌðərnmoʊst/

situated farthest south

From this reading “On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.”

wiser adjective US /ˈwaɪzər/

comparative of “wise” — having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading “The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Folks had always given them these names.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

BrackennounUS /ˈbrækən/

fern of southeastern Asia; not hardy in cold temperate regions

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.

causewayverbUS /ˈkɑːzweɪ/

provide with a causeway

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

cleftnounUS /kleft/

a split or indentation in something (as the palate or chin)

From this reading The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.

dalesmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.

extremitynounUS /ekˈstreməti/

an external body part that projects from the body

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

FolksnounUS /foʊks/

your parents

From this reading Folks had always given them these names.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Folks had always given them these names.

gravelyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪvli/

in a grave and sober manner

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Folks had always given them these names.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

hillocks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

milenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading Folks had always given them these names.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

pack-horse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

rightlyadverbUS /ˈraɪtli/

with honesty

From this reading The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

sarnty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.

shooknounUS /ʃʊk/

a disassembled barrel; the parts packed for storage or shipment

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

southernmostadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərnmoʊst/

situated farthest south

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Folks had always given them these names.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

WaternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading The dalesmen called the cleft between the hillocks the city gates; but why the gates and why the city none could rightly say.

wiseradjectiveUS /ˈwaɪzər/

comparative of “wise” — having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading On this road, about half a mile within the southernmost extremity of Bracken Water, two hillocks met, leaving a natural opening between them and a path that went up to where the city stood.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading A bare pack-horse road wound its way on the west, and stretched out of sight to the north and to the south.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The wiser heads shook gravely as they told you that city should be sarnty, meaning the house by the causeway.

Chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance by Hall, Sir Caine holds 234 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance contain?

Chapter 1 holds 234 sentences of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance by Hall, Sir Caine exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 234 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Common questions about reading The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance by Hall, Sir Caine on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance?

Yes. All 8078 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14262 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14262, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1616 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance section by section

How to work through The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tar-ry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Begin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ballad
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wythburn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.