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The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance
The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance
Context Illustration Reading 33/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Wilson's manners had obviously undergone a change.
His early smoothness, his slavering glibness, had disappeared.
He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.
With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.
Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 33/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 161–165

Line 1
Wilson's manners had obviously undergone a change.
/ˈwɪlsənz ˈmænərz hæd ˈɑːbviəsli ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn ə tʃeɪndʒ/
Line 2
His early smoothness, his slavering glibness, had disappeared.
Line 3
He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.
/hiː wɑːz naʊ æz ˈbɪtər ʌv spiːtʃ æz hiː hæd ˈfɔːrmərli bɪn kənˈsɪliːətɔːri/
Line 4
With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.
Line 5
Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conciliatory adjective US /kənˈsɪliːətɔːri/

making or willing to make concessions

From this reading “He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.”

exhibit verb US /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/

show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading “With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.”

geese noun US /ɡiːs/

plural of “goose” — web-footed long-necked typically gregarious migratory aquatic birds usually larger and less aquatic than ducks

From this reading ““Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.””

imaginary adjective US /ˌɪˈmædʒəneri/

not based on fact; existing only in the imagination

From this reading “With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.”

Jock noun US /dʒɑːk/

a person trained to compete in sports

From this reading ““Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.””

smoothness noun US /ˈsmuːðnəs/

a texture without roughness; smooth to the touch

From this reading “His early smoothness, his slavering glibness, had disappeared.”

undergone verb US /ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading “Wilson's manners had obviously undergone a change.”

Wilson's noun US /ˈwɪlsənz/

possessive form of “wilson” — author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)

From this reading “Wilson's manners had obviously undergone a change.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Wilson's manners had obviously undergone a change.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.

cannanoun

any plant of the genus Canna having large sheathing leaves and clusters of large showy flowers

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Wilson's manners had obviously undergone a change.

conciliatoryadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪliːətɔːri/

making or willing to make concessions

From this reading He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.

disappearedverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd/

past form of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading His early smoothness, his slavering glibness, had disappeared.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading His early smoothness, his slavering glibness, had disappeared.

exhibitverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/

show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.

geesenounUS /ɡiːs/

plural of “goose” — web-footed long-necked typically gregarious migratory aquatic birds usually larger and less aquatic than ducks

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

gezlins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

glibnessnoun

a kind of fluent easy superficiality

From this reading His early smoothness, his slavering glibness, had disappeared.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Wilson's manners had obviously undergone a change.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.

heids

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His early smoothness, his slavering glibness, had disappeared.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

imaginaryadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmædʒəneri/

not based on fact; existing only in the imagination

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

JocknounUS /dʒɑːk/

a person trained to compete in sports

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading Wilson's manners had obviously undergone a change.

mither

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

mun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.

obviouslyadverbUS /ˈɑːbviəsli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading Wilson's manners had obviously undergone a change.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

Sim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

slavering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His early smoothness, his slavering glibness, had disappeared.

smoothnessnounUS /ˈsmuːðnəs/

a texture without roughness; smooth to the touch

From this reading His early smoothness, his slavering glibness, had disappeared.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.

sympathynounUS /ˈsɪmpəθi/

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

thraws

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

undergoneverbUS /ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading Wilson's manners had obviously undergone a change.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was now as bitter of speech as he had formerly been conciliatory.

Weel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

winoun

a midwestern state in north central United States

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

Wilson'snounUS /ˈwɪlsənz/

possessive form of “wilson” — author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)

From this reading Wilson's manners had obviously undergone a change.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With Sim and his troubles, real and imaginary, he was not at all careful to exhibit sympathy.

yepronounUS /jiː/

an old word for “you”, speaking to more than one person

From this reading “Weel, weel, ye must lie heids and thraws wi' poverty, like Jock an' his mither”; or, “If ye canna keep geese ye mun keep gezlins.”

Chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance by Hall, Sir Caine holds 234 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance contain?

Chapter 1 holds 234 sentences of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance by Hall, Sir Caine exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 234 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Common questions about reading The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance by Hall, Sir Caine on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance?

Yes. All 8078 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14262 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14262, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1616 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance section by section

How to work through The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tar-ry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Begin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ballad
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wythburn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.