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The Shadow of the Czar
The Shadow of the Czar

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Shadow of the Czar is here in full — 371 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/74 · 5 lines
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THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.
This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.
The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.
Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.
His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Shadow of the Czar

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The Shadow of the Czar is here in full — 371 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/74 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.
Line 2
This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.
Line 3
The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.
Line 4
Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.
/stɪl ɪn spaɪt ʌv ˌæbsənˈtiː ˈredʒəmənts ðə ˌriːˈvjuː wɑːz ə faɪn saɪt ˈiːvɪn ɪn ðə aɪz ʌv pɔːl əˈkʌstəmd æz hiː wɑːz tuː mʌtʃ mɔːr ˈstraɪkɪŋ dɪˈspleɪz/
Line 5
His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

absentee noun US /ˌæbsənˈtiː/

one that is absent or not in residence

From this reading “Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.”

anticipating verb US /ænˈtɪsəpeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “anticipate” — regard something as probable or likely

From this reading “His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.”

appropriation noun US /əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃən/

money set aside (as by a legislature) for a specific purpose

From this reading “THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.”

disparage verb US /dɪˈsperɪdʒ/

express a negative opinion of

From this reading “His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.”

displays noun US /dɪˈspleɪz/

plural of “display” — something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading “Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.”

dreading verb US /ˈdredɪŋ/

-ing form of “dread” — be afraid or scared of; be frightened of

From this reading “His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.”

mettle noun US /ˈmetəl/

the courage to carry on

From this reading “His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.”

monasteries noun US /ˈmɑːnəsteriz/

plural of “monastery” — the residence of a religious community

From this reading “The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

presided over verb + particle counted as “preside over”

In this reading “This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.”

previous year adjective + noun

In this reading “The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.”

in spite preposition + noun

In this reading “Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.”

keeping guard noun + noun

In this reading “The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.”

few miles adjective + noun counted as “few mile”

In this reading “This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.”

took place verb + noun counted as “take place”

come to pass

In this reading “This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.”

much more adverb + adjective

In this reading “Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.”

fine sight adjective + noun

In this reading “Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

absenteenounUS /ˌæbsənˈtiː/

one that is absent or not in residence

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

annualadjectiveUS /ˈænjuːəl/

completing its life cycle within a year

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

anticipatingverbUS /ænˈtɪsəpeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “anticipate” — regard something as probable or likely

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

APPROPRIATIONnounUS /əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃən/

money set aside (as by a legislature) for a specific purpose

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

Barbara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

BILLnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

considerablyadverbUS /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

to a great extent or degree

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

Czernova

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

Czernovese

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

disparageverbUS /dɪˈsperɪdʒ/

express a negative opinion of

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

displaysnounUS /dɪˈspleɪz/

plural of “display” — something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

dreadingverbUS /ˈdredɪŋ/

-ing form of “dread” — be afraid or scared of; be frightened of

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

expressionsnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

FATEnounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

likewiseadverbUS /ˈlaɪkwaɪz/

in like or similar manner

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

marshalling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

meritsnounUS /ˈmerəts/

plural of “merit” — any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

mettlenounUS /ˈmetəl/

the courage to carry on

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

monasteriesnounUS /ˈmɑːnəsteriz/

plural of “monastery” — the residence of a religious community

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

musterverbUS /ˈmʌstər/

gather or bring together

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

PaulnounUS /pɔːl/

United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

presidedverbUS /prɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “preside” — act as president

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

princessnounUS /ˈprɪn.ses/

The daughter of a monarch; a female member of a royal family.

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

regimentsnounUS /ˈredʒəmənts/

plural of “regiment” — army unit smaller than a division

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

reviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

singularadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

unusual or striking

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

Slavowitz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

spaciousadjectiveUS /ˈspeɪʃəs/

very large in expanse or scope

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

strikingadjectiveUS /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/

sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect

From this reading Still, in spite of absentee regiments, the review was a fine sight, even in the eyes of Paul, accustomed as he was to much more striking displays.

testedadjectiveUS /ˈtestɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading This marshalling of troops took place in a spacious plain a few miles to the north of Slavowitz, and was presided over by the princess herself.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE FATE OF THE APPROPRIATION BILL By a singular turn of circumstances the day on which the fate of the Appropriation Bill was to be decided, and possibly with that bill the fate of Czernova itself, was likewise the day appointed for the annual review of the Czernovese army.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The muster fell considerably short of that of the previous year, due to the fact that many of the troops were engaged in the duty of keeping guard over the numerous monasteries of Czernova.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading His frequent expressions of admiration gave pleasure to Barbara, who had been somewhat dreading his criticism, anticipating that he, as a tried soldier, might disparage the merits of an army, whose mettle had never yet been tested in actual battle.

Chapter 18 of The Shadow of the Czar by John R. Carling holds 371 sentences, grouped into 75 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Shadow of the Czar contain?

Chapter 18 holds 371 sentences of The Shadow of the Czar, unabridged, divided into 75 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Shadow of the Czar by John R. Carling exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 371 sentences, grouped into 75 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Shadow of the Czar?

Work through the 75 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 75 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Shadow of the Czar

Common questions about reading The Shadow of the Czar by John R. Carling on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Shadow of the Czar?

Yes. All 7118 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40945 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Shadow of the Czar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40945, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Shadow of the Czar take to read?

About 593 minutes of reading across 1424 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Shadow of the Czar section by section

How to work through The Shadow of the Czar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Shadow of the Czar

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Shadow of the Czar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of the Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of the Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of the Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shadow of the Czar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.