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The Shadow of the North
The Shadow of the North

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of The Shadow of the North is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.
He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.
"Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.
Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.
'Tis a bad state of affairs, Lennox, but you and I can't remedy it.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Shadow of the North

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of The Shadow of the North is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.
/ðə ˈfɔːrəst faɪt ˈrɑːbərt θɔːt ðeɪ wʊd mɑːrtʃ æt wʌns bʌt əˈnɔɪɪŋ dɪˈleɪz əˈkɜːrd/
Line 2
He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.
/hiː hæd ˈnoʊtəst ðæt ˈhæməltən ðə ˈɡʌvərnər ʌv ðə ɡreɪt ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈprɑːvəns ʌv ˌpensəlˈveɪnjə wɑːz nɑːt ˈprezənt æt ðə ˈkaʊnsəl bʌt hiː dɪd nɑːt noʊ ðə kɑːz ʌv ɪt ənˈtɪl ˈstuːərt ðə jʌŋ vərˈdʒɪnjən toʊld hɪm/
Line 3
"Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.
Line 4
Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.
Line 5
'Tis a bad state of affairs, Lennox, but you and I can't remedy it.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annoying adjective US /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/

causing irritation or annoyance

From this reading “THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.”

delays noun US /dɪˈleɪz/

plural of “delay” — time during which some action is awaited

From this reading “THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.”

huff verb US /hʌf/

inhale recreational drugs

From this reading “"Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.”

Newcastle noun US /ˈnuːkæsəl/

a port city in northeastern England on the River Tyne; a center for coal exports (giving rise to the expression “carry coals to Newcastle” meaning to do something unnecessary)

From this reading “Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.”

Pennsylvania noun US /ˌpensəlˈveɪnjə/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.”

Stuart noun US /ˈstuːərt/

United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading “He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.”

trades noun US /treɪdz/

plural of “trade” — the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading “Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.”

Virginian noun US /vərˈdʒɪnjən/

a native or resident of Virginia

From this reading “He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading 'Tis a bad state of affairs, Lennox, but you and I can't remedy it.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

AlexandrianounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændriə/

a town in Louisiana on the Red River

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

annoyingadjectiveUS /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/

causing irritation or annoyance

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading 'Tis a bad state of affairs, Lennox, but you and I can't remedy it.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

Braddock's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'Tis a bad state of affairs, Lennox, but you and I can't remedy it.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

chooseverbUS /tʃuːz/

pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

councilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

delaysnounUS /dɪˈleɪz/

plural of “delay” — time during which some action is awaited

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

Duquesne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

FIGHTverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

FORESTnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

governornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

HamiltonnounUS /ˈhæməltən/

Irish mathematician (1806-1865)

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

Hanbury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

huffverbUS /hʌf/

inhale recreational drugs

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

landedadjectiveUS /ˈlændəd/

owning or consisting of land or real estate

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

Lennox

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'Tis a bad state of affairs, Lennox, but you and I can't remedy it.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

neareradverbUS /ˈnɪrər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

neighboringadjectiveUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

having a common boundary or edge; abutting; touching

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

NewcastlenounUS /ˈnuːkæsəl/

a port city in northeastern England on the River Tyne; a center for coal exports (giving rise to the expression “carry coals to Newcastle” meaning to do something unnecessary)

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

noticedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəst/

being perceived or observed

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

PennsylvanianounUS /ˌpensəlˈveɪnjə/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

persuadedverbUS /pərˈsweɪdɪd/

past form of “persuade” — win approval or support for

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

PhiladelphianounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

provincenounUS /ˈprɑːvəns/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

remedynounUS /ˈremədi/

act of correcting an error or a fault or an evil

From this reading 'Tis a bad state of affairs, Lennox, but you and I can't remedy it.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Pennsylvania is in a huff," he said, "because General Braddock's army has been landed at Alexandria instead of Philadelphia.

sellverbUS /sel/

exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading 'Tis a bad state of affairs, Lennox, but you and I can't remedy it.

StuartnounUS /ˈstuːərt/

United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

suppliesnounUS /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

TisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading 'Tis a bad state of affairs, Lennox, but you and I can't remedy it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

tradesnounUS /treɪdz/

plural of “trade” — the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

TruthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

VirginiannounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjən/

a native or resident of Virginia

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Truth to tell, for an expedition against Fort Duquesne, Philadelphia would have been a nearer and better place, but I hear that one John Hanbury, a powerful merchant who trades much in Virginia, wanted the troops to come this way that he might sell them supplies, and he persuaded the Duke of Newcastle to choose Alexandria.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading THE FOREST FIGHT Robert thought they would march at once, but annoying delays occurred.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading 'Tis a bad state of affairs, Lennox, but you and I can't remedy it.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading He had noticed that Hamilton, the governor of the great neighboring province of Pennsylvania, was not present at the council, but he did not know the cause of it until Stuart, the young Virginian, told him.

Chapter 15 of The Shadow of the North by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 417 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of The Shadow of the North contain?

Chapter 15 holds 417 sentences of The Shadow of the North, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of The Shadow of the North by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 417 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of The Shadow of the North?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Shadow of the North

Common questions about reading The Shadow of the North by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Shadow of the North?

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Which edition of The Shadow of the North is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Shadow of the North take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Shadow of the North

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Shadow of the North, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The Shadow of the North, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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