Chapter IV · Chapter 4

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

moving forward

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

later than; following

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

plural of “alliance” — the state of being allied or confederated

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

at or toward the back of something

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

fearless and daring

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

Italian pope whose nepotism put the Borgia family in power in Italy (1378-1458)

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

in a brisk manner

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

rid of obstructions

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

an old word for “before”

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

a social unit living together

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

comparative of “gentle” — soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

the act of giving

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

a half of an hour

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

excessively quick

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

a lack of gratitude

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

possessive form of “madonna” — the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

engage in

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

a son of your brother or sister

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power (as by giving them jobs)

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

not any; not one

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

above your head; in the sky

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

in the near future

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

(especially of incident sound or light) bent or sent back

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

past form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

possessing material wealth

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

inflected form of “sleep” — be asleep

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading Overhead a moon rode at the full in a clear sky, and its light was reflected by the snow, so that we were not discomforted by any darkness.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

past form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

a light evening meal; served in early evening if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

past form of “talk” — exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

in or at that place or location

From this reading We fell, presently, into a gentler pace, for, after all, there could be no advantage in reaching Pesaro before morning, and as we rode we talked, and I made bold to ask her the cause of her flight from Rome.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

in the direction of

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And so by the first hour of night Fossombrone was a league or so behind us, and we were advancing briskly towards the sea.

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading She told me then that she was Madonna Paola Sforza di Santafior, and that Pope Alexander, in his nepotism and his desire to make rich and powerful alliances for his family, had settled upon her as the wife for his nephew, Ignacio Borgia.

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading MADONNA’S INGRATITUDE We stayed in Fossombrone little more than a half-hour, and having made a hasty supper we resumed our way, giving out that we wished to reach Fano ere we slept.