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The Sheepfold and the Common
The Sheepfold and the Common

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of The Sheepfold and the Common is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.
This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.
He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.
He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.
Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Sheepfold and the Common

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of The Sheepfold and the Common is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.
Line 2
This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.
Line 3
He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.
/hiː dʌz nɑːt ˌriːˈkwaɪər ˈvɝː.tʃuː ɑːn ˈaʊər pɑːrt æz ə priˈrekwəzət tuː ˌrekəˈmend ʌs tuː ðə ˈfeɪvər ʌv ɡɑːd bʌt hiː enˈfɔːrsɪz ɪt æz ɪkˈspresɪv ʌv ˈaʊər ˈrevərəns fɔːr hɪz əˈθɔːrəti ənd ʌv ˈaʊər ˈɡrætətuːd tuː hɪz ˈsɑːv.rən ˈɡʊdnəs ɪn rɪˈdiːmɪŋ ʌs frʌm ðə kɜːrs ʌv ə ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd lɔː/
Line 4
He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.
Line 5
Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.
/ˌɪnˈdiːd ðə ˌiːvænˈdʒelɪkəl ˈmɪnəstər riˈkwaɪərz ɑːn ðə pɑːrt ʌv hɪz ædˈhɪrənts ə ˈhaɪər dɪˈɡriː ʌv ˈvɝː.tʃuː ðæn hɪz əˈpoʊnənt ənd hiː emˈplɔɪz mɔːr ˈpaʊərfəl ˈmoʊtɪvz tuː enˈfɔːrs ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

employs noun US /emˈplɔɪz/

plural of “employ” — the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading “Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.”

enforces verb US /enˈfɔːrsɪz/

third-person singular of “enforce” — ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading “He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.”

evangelical adjective US /ˌiːvænˈdʒelɪkəl/

relating to or being a Christian church believing in personal conversion and the inerrancy of the Bible especially the 4 Gospels

From this reading “Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.”

prerequisite noun US /priˈrekwəzət/

something that is required in advance

From this reading “He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.”

redeeming adjective US /rɪˈdiːmɪŋ/

bringing about salvation or redemption from sin

From this reading “He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.”

righteously adverb US /ˈraɪtʃəsli/

in a righteous manner

From this reading “He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.”

substantiated verb US /səbˈstænʃieɪtɪd/

past form of “substantiate” — establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading “This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.”

violated adjective US /ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd/

treated irreverently or sacrilegiously

From this reading “He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

false witness adjective + noun

a person who deliberately gives false testimony

In this reading “This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.”

powerful motives adjective + noun counted as “powerful motive”

In this reading “Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.”

higher degree adjective + noun

In this reading “Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.”

most essential adverb + adjective

In this reading “He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.”

reverence for verb + particle

In this reading “He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.”

bear false verb + adjective

In this reading “This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.”

on the part preposition + article + noun counted as “on … part”

In this reading “Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

abandonmentnounUS /əˈbændənmənt/

the act of giving something up

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

accusationnounUS /ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən/

a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

adherentsnounUS /ædˈhɪrənts/

plural of “adherent” — someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

bringeth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

ChristnounUS /kraɪst/

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

cursenounUS /kɜːrs/

profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

defectiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈfektɪv/

having a defect

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

denyingverbUS /dɪˈnaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “deny” — declare untrue; contradict

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

doctrinesnounUS /ˈdɑːktrənz/

plural of “doctrine” — a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

employsnounUS /emˈplɔɪz/

plural of “employ” — the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

enforceverbUS /enˈfɔːrs/

ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

enforcesverbUS /enˈfɔːrsɪz/

third-person singular of “enforce” — ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

essentialadjectiveUS /eˈsenʃəl/

absolutely necessary; vitally necessary

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

evangelicaladjectiveUS /ˌiːvænˈdʒelɪkəl/

relating to or being a Christian church believing in personal conversion and the inerrancy of the Bible especially the 4 Gospels

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

expressiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspresɪv/

characterized by expression

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

godlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːdli/

showing great reverence for god

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

goodnessnounUS /ˈɡʊdnəs/

that which is pleasing or valuable or useful

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

gospelnounUS /ˈɡɑːspəl/

the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

gratitudenounUS /ˈɡrætətuːd/

a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

JesusnounUS /ˈdʒiːzəs/

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

lusts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

motivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

opponentnounUS /əˈpoʊnənt/

a contestant that you are matched against

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

prerequisitenounUS /priˈrekwəzət/

something that is required in advance

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

recommendverbUS /ˌrekəˈmend/

push for something

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

redeemingadjectiveUS /rɪˈdiːmɪŋ/

bringing about salvation or redemption from sin

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

requireverbUS /ˌriːˈkwaɪər/

require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

requiresverbUS /riˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

reverenceverbUS /ˈrevərəns/

regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

righteouslyadverbUS /ˈraɪtʃəsli/

in a righteous manner

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

righteousnessnounUS /ˈraɪtʃəsnəs/

adhering to moral principles

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

Roscoe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

salvationnounUS /sælˈveɪʃən/

(theology) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

savedadjectiveUS /seɪvd/

rescued; especially from the power and consequences of sin

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

soberlyadverbUS /ˈsoʊbərli/

in a grave and sober manner

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

sovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

substantiatedverbUS /səbˈstænʃieɪtɪd/

past form of “substantiate” — establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

substituteverbUS /ˈsʌbstətuːt/

put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

teachesnounUS /ˈtiːtʃəz/

plural of “teach” — an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

tellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Indeed, the evangelical minister requires, on the part of his adherents, a higher degree of virtue than his opponent, and he employs more powerful motives to enforce it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

ungodlinessnoun

impiety by virtue of not being a godly person

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

violatedadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd/

treated irreverently or sacrilegiously

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading He does not require virtue on our part as a prerequisite to recommend us to the favour of God; but he enforces it as expressive of our reverence for his authority, and of our gratitude to his sovereign goodness in redeeming us from the curse of a violated law.

virtuousadjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːəs/

morally excellent

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading _Mr. Roscoe._--"No, he does not say that we can be saved without becoming virtuous.

witnessnounUS /ˈwɪtnəs/

someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading This is an accusation which cannot be substantiated; and to bring it forward is to bear false witness against another.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

worldlyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrldli/

characteristic of or devoted to the temporal world as opposed to the spiritual world

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He does not substitute our very defective righteousness for the righteousness of Jesus Christ, which would be an entire abandonment of one of the most essential doctrines of the gospel; but he tells us that _the grace of God that bringeth salvation, teaches us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world_.

Chapter 13 of The Sheepfold and the Common by Timothy East holds 402 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of The Sheepfold and the Common contain?

Chapter 13 holds 402 sentences of The Sheepfold and the Common, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of The Sheepfold and the Common by Timothy East exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 402 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of The Sheepfold and the Common?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Sheepfold and the Common

Common questions about reading The Sheepfold and the Common by Timothy East on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Sheepfold and the Common?

Yes. All 7550 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44469 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Sheepfold and the Common is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44469, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Sheepfold and the Common take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1510 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Sheepfold and the Common section by section

How to work through The Sheepfold and the Common section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of The Sheepfold and the Common to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Sheepfold and the Common

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Sheepfold and the Common, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sheepfold and the Common; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Capital
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Replaced
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Capitals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sheepfold and the Common; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.