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The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II)
The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II) is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II)
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SCHOOL OF MISFORTUNE.
The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.
It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.
With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.
I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II) is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SCHOOL OF MISFORTUNE.
/ðə skuːl ʌv mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/
Line 2
The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.
Line 3
It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.
/ɪt wɪl əˈpɪr ɑːn ə ˌfɪləˈsɑːfɪk ˈskruːtəni ʌv ˈhjuːmən ˈfiːlɪŋz ðæt ðə ekˈstriːmz ʌv ˈlæfɪŋ ənd ˈkraɪɪŋ ɑːr mɔːr ˈnɪrli əˈlaɪd ðæn ɪz səmˈtaɪmz bɪˈliːvd/
Line 4
With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.
/wɪð ˈtʃɪldrən ðə wʌn ˈfriːkwəntli ˈdwɪndəlz ɔːr breɪks aʊt ˈɪntuː ðə ˈʌðər/
Line 5
I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.
/aɪ wʌns ˈhæpənd tuː sɪt bɪˈsaɪd ə ˈniːɡroʊ ɪn ðə pɪt ʌv ðə ˈedənbəroʊ ˈθiːətər waɪl ðə ˈtrædʒədi ʌv ˈdʌɡləs wɑːz pərˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allied adjective US /əˈlaɪd/

related by common characteristics or ancestry

From this reading “It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.”

contemplating verb US /ˈkɑːntəmpleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “contemplate” — look at thoughtfully; observe deep in thought

From this reading “The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.”

differing verb US /ˈdɪfərɪŋ/

-ing form of “differ” — be different

From this reading “The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.”

dwindles verb US /ˈdwɪndəlz/

third-person singular of “dwindle” — become smaller or lose substance

From this reading “With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.”

extremes noun US /ekˈstriːmz/

plural of “extreme” — the furthest or highest degree of something

From this reading “It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.”

functions noun US /ˈfʌŋkʃənz/

plural of “function” — (mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading “The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.”

performing noun US /pərˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

the performance of a part or role in a drama

From this reading “I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.”

philosophic adjective US /ˌfɪləˈsɑːfɪk/

of or relating to philosophy or philosophers

From this reading “It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

various ways adjective + noun

In this reading “The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.”

nearly allied adverb + adjective

In this reading “It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.”

sit beside verb + particle

In this reading “I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.”

human soul adjective + noun

In this reading “The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.”

human feelings adjective + noun

In this reading “It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.”

different manner adjective + noun

In this reading “The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.”

breaks out verb + adjective counted as “break out”

start abruptly

In this reading “With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.”

some persons adjective + noun counted as “some person”

In this reading “The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

affectverbUS /əˈfekt/

have an effect upon

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

alliedadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪd/

related by common characteristics or ancestry

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

animatedadjectiveUS /ˈænəmeɪtɪd/

having life or vigor or spirit

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

breaksnounUS /breɪks/

plural of “break” — some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity

From this reading With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.

contemplatingverbUS /ˈkɑːntəmpleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “contemplate” — look at thoughtfully; observe deep in thought

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

corporealadjective

having material or physical form or substance

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

cryingadjectiveUS /ˈkraɪɪŋ/

demanding attention

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

differingverbUS /ˈdɪfərɪŋ/

-ing form of “differ” — be different

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

directedadjectiveUS /dərˈektəd/

(often used in combination) having a specified direction

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

DouglasnounUS /ˈdʌɡləs/

United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

dwindlesverbUS /ˈdwɪndəlz/

third-person singular of “dwindle” — become smaller or lose substance

From this reading With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

extremesnounUS /ekˈstriːmz/

plural of “extreme” — the furthest or highest degree of something

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

functionsnounUS /ˈfʌŋkʃənz/

plural of “function” — (mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

laughingadjectiveUS /ˈlæfɪŋ/

showing or feeling mirth or pleasure or happiness

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

MISFORTUNEnounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF MISFORTUNE.

misfortunesnounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “misfortune” — unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

negronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF MISFORTUNE.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.

performingnounUS /pərˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

the performance of a part or role in a drama

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

philosophicadjectiveUS /ˌfɪləˈsɑːfɪk/

of or relating to philosophy or philosophers

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

pitnounUS /pɪt/

A large hole in the ground, or an abyss of darkness and peril.

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

SCHOOLnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF MISFORTUNE.

scrutinynounUS /ˈskruːtəni/

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF MISFORTUNE.

theatrenounUS /ˈθiːətər/

a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

tragedynounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading I once happened to sit beside a negro, in the pit of the Edinburgh theatre, while the tragedy of Douglas was performing.

widelyadverbUS /ˈwaɪdli/

to a great degree

From this reading The various ways in which misfortunes affect different minds, are often so opposite, that in contemplating them, we may well be led to suppose the human soul animated and directed in some persons by corporeal functions, formed after a different manner from those of others--persons of the same family frequently differing most widely in this respect.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It will appear, on a philosophic scrutiny of human feelings, that the extremes of laughing and crying are more nearly allied than is sometimes believed.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With children, the one frequently dwindles, or breaks out into the other.

Chapter 4 of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II) by James Hogg holds 144 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 144 sentences of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II), unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II) by James Hogg exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 144 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II)?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II)

Common questions about reading The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II) by James Hogg on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II)?

Yes. All 3189 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35474 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35474, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II) take to read?

About 265 minutes of reading across 638 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II) section by section

How to work through The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Dodds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
February
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stormy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lying
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Shepherd's Calendar. Volume I (of II); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.