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The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole
The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole

Chapter XIII · Italian Expedition (1899−1900)

Chapter XIII of The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole, “Italian Expedition (1899−1900),” is here in full — 251 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.
In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.
The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.
The crew built a wretched hovel in which they passed the winter.
In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole

Chapter XIII · Italian Expedition (1899−1900)

Chapter XIII of The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole, “Italian Expedition (1899−1900),” is here in full — 251 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/50 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.
Line 2
In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.
Line 3
The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.
Line 4
The crew built a wretched hovel in which they passed the winter.
/ðə kruː bɪlt ə ˈretʃɪd ˈhʌvəl ɪn wɪtʃ ðeɪ pæst ðə ˈwɪntər/
Line 5
In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cape noun US /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading “In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.”

crushed adjective US /krʌʃt/

treated so as to have a permanently wrinkled appearance

From this reading “The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.”

exploration noun US /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃən/

to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading “Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.”

Flora noun US /ˈflɔːrə/

all the plant life in a particular region or period

From this reading “The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.”

hovel noun US /ˈhʌvəl/

small crude shelter used as a dwelling

From this reading “The crew built a wretched hovel in which they passed the winter.”

Leigh noun US /liː/

English film actress (1913-1967)

From this reading “In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.”

surveyed verb US /sərˈveɪd/

past form of “survey” — consider in a comprehensive way

From this reading “In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.”

yacht noun US /jɑːt/

an expensive vessel propelled by sail or power and used for cruising or racing

From this reading “In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on board preposition + noun

on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle

In this reading “In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.”

taken place adjective + noun

In this reading “Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.”

second time noun + noun

In this reading “The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.”

following summer adjective + noun

In this reading “In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.”

deal of verb + particle

In this reading “Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.”

for the second preposition + article + noun counted as “for … second”

In this reading “The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.”

without much preposition + adverb

In this reading “In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1880

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

1881

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

Abruzzinoun

a mountainous region of central Italy on the Adriatic

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

assistancenounUS /əˈsɪstəns/

the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

Austro-Hungarian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

BetweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

boatsnounUS /boʊts/

plural of “boat” — a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The crew built a wretched hovel in which they passed the winter.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

CapenounUS /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

crewnounUS /kruː/

the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)

From this reading The crew built a wretched hovel in which they passed the winter.

crushedadjectiveUS /krʌʃt/

treated so as to have a permanently wrinkled appearance

From this reading The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

Eiranoun

a genus of Mustelidae

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

ExpeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

explorationnounUS /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃən/

to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

FloranounUS /ˈflɔːrə/

all the plant life in a particular region or period

From this reading The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.

Franz-Josef

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

hovelnounUS /ˈhʌvəl/

small crude shelter used as a dwelling

From this reading The crew built a wretched hovel in which they passed the winter.

icenounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

LandnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.

LeighnounUS /liː/

English film actress (1913-1967)

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

Lofley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.

Novaya

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The crew built a wretched hovel in which they passed the winter.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

sankverbUS /sæŋk/

inflected form of “sink” — fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

SmithnounUS /smɪθ/

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

surveyedverbUS /sərˈveɪd/

past form of “survey” — consider in a comprehensive way

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Between the discovery of Franz-Josef Land by the Austro-Hungarian Expedition and the expedition of the Duke of the Abruzzi a good deal of exploration had taken place.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The crew built a wretched hovel in which they passed the winter.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The _Eira_, when leaving for the second time, was crushed by the ice near Cape Flora, and sank.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The crew built a wretched hovel in which they passed the winter.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The crew built a wretched hovel in which they passed the winter.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

wretchedadjectiveUS /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading The crew built a wretched hovel in which they passed the winter.

yachtnounUS /jɑːt/

an expensive vessel propelled by sail or power and used for cruising or racing

From this reading In 1880 and 1881, Leigh Smith in his yacht _Eira_ reached Franz-Josef Land without much difficulty, and surveyed the coast up to Cape Lofley.

Zemlya

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the following summer they sailed in their boats to Novaya Zemlya, where they were taken on board a ship which had been sent to their assistance.

Chapter 13 of The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole by George Bryce holds 251 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole contain?

Chapter 13 holds 251 sentences of The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole by George Bryce exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 251 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole?

Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 51 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 5233 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50976 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #50976, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 436 minutes of reading across 1047 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

George
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bryce
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chief
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Object
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.