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The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America
The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.
Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...
] is used to denote Greek transliteration.
Archaic, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been retained from the original text.
Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.
Line 2
Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...
Line 3
] is used to denote Greek transliteration.
Line 4
Archaic, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been retained from the original text.
/ɑːrˈkeɪɪk əˈnjuːʒuːəl ənd ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt ˈspelɪŋz hæv bɪn rɪˈteɪnd frʌm ðə ərˈɪdʒənəl tekst/
Line 5
Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.
/wer ˈtʃeɪndʒəz tuː ðə tekst hæv bɪn meɪd fɔːr ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl ˈerərz ðiːz ɑːr ˈlɪstəd æt ðə end ʌv ðə bʊk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abbreviation noun US /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃən/

a shortened form of a word or phrase

From this reading “Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...”

ascii noun US /ˈæski/

(computer science) a code for information exchange between computers made by different companies; a string of 7 binary digits represents each character; used in most microcomputers

From this reading “This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.”

italic noun US /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...”

italics noun US /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...”

percent noun US /pərˈsent/

a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred)

From this reading “Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...”

spellings noun US /ˈspelɪŋz/

plural of “spelling” — forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage

From this reading “Archaic, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been retained from the original text.”

typeface noun US /ˈtaɪpfeɪs/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading “Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...”

underscores noun US /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

original text adjective + noun

In this reading “Archaic, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been retained from the original text.”

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

abbreviationnounUS /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃən/

a shortened form of a word or phrase

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

appearingnounUS /əˈpɪrɪŋ/

formal attendance (in court or at a hearing) of a party in an action

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

ArchaicadjectiveUS /ɑːrˈkeɪɪk/

so extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier period

From this reading Archaic, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been retained from the original text.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

ASCIInounUS /ˈæski/

(computer science) a code for information exchange between computers made by different companies; a string of 7 binary digits represents each character; used in most microcomputers

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.

barnounUS /bɑːr/

a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Archaic, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been retained from the original text.

blackletter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

capsnounUS /kæps/

plural of “cap” — a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

CASEnounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

conventionaladjectiveUS /kənˈvenʃənəl/

following accepted customs and proprieties

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

denoteverbUS /dɪˈnoʊt/

be a sign or indication of

From this reading ] is used to denote Greek transliteration.

differencesnounUS /ˈdɪfərənsɪz/

plural of “difference” — the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

documentnounUS /ˈdɑːkjəment/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.

equalsnounUS /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

errorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

fontnounUS /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

Gr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading ] is used to denote Greek transliteration.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Archaic, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been retained from the original text.

horizontaladjectiveUS /ˌhɔːrəˈzɑːntəl/

parallel to or in the plane of the horizon or a base line

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

inconsistentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt/

displaying a lack of consistency

From this reading Archaic, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been retained from the original text.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

italicnounUS /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

italicsnounUS /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

ligaturenoun

(music) a group of notes connected by a slur

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

listedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪstəd/

on a list

From this reading Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.

macronnoun

a diacritical mark (-) placed above a vowel to indicate a long sound

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.

onounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

oe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

percentnounUS /pərˈsent/

a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred)

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

PlainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

quotedverbUS /ˈkwoʊtɪd/

past form of “quote” — repeat a passage from

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

representverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzent/

take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

representsverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

retainedadjectiveUS /rɪˈteɪnd/

continued in your keeping or use or memory

From this reading Archaic, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been retained from the original text.

scribal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

setsnounUS /sets/

plural of “set” — a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

SpecialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

spellingsnounUS /ˈspelɪŋz/

plural of “spelling” — forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage

From this reading Archaic, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been retained from the original text.

superscriptnoun

a character or symbol set or printed or written above and immediately to one side of another character

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

symbolsnounUS /ˈsɪmbəlz/

plural of “symbol” — an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

TextnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

thnounUS /ˈtiːˈeɪtʃ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ] is used to denote Greek transliteration.

transliterationnoun

a transcription from one alphabet to another

From this reading ] is used to denote Greek transliteration.

TypefacenounUS /ˈtaɪpfeɪs/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

typographicaladjectiveUS /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

relating to or occurring or used in typography

From this reading Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.

underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

unusualadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəl/

not usual or common or ordinary

From this reading Archaic, unusual and inconsistent spellings have been retained from the original text.

UPPERadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading ] is used to denote Greek transliteration.

usesnounUS /ˈjuːsəz/

plural of “use” — the act of using

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

ver

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

versionnounUS /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading This Plain Text version uses symbols from the ASCII and Latin-1 character sets.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Where changes to the text have been made for typographical errors, these are listed at the end of the book.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

xnounUS /eks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Typeface differences in the original are indicated as follows: italic typeface is represented by _underscores_ small caps typeface is represented by UPPER CASE blackletter font is represented by %percent symbols% plain text appearing within italics is represented by =equals symbols= Special characters in the original are indicated as follows: [oe] represents the oe ligature ^o, ^{th} represent superscript characters [=x] represents a macron (horizontal bar above a character) [per] represents a conventional abbreviation for "per" [ver] represents a scribal abbreviation in the quoted document [Gr: ...

Chapter 1 of The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America by Nathaniel Ward holds 402 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America contain?

Chapter 1 holds 402 sentences of The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America by Nathaniel Ward exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 402 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 757 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34974 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #34974, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 63 minutes of reading across 152 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Plain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Symbols
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ascii
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.