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The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon
The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.
He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.
The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.
Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.
His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.
Line 2
He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.
/hiː meɪd æn ˌɪnəˈfektʃuːəl əˈtempt tuː reɪz ə hed ʌv wɔːr baɪ ˈstɜːrɪŋ ʌp ðə ˈmoʊhɔːks tuː teɪk ɑːrmz bʌt ðoʊ pəˈzest ʌv ðə ˈneɪtɪv ˈtælənts ʌv ə ˈsteɪtsmən hɪz ɑːrts wɜːr ˈkaʊntəræktɪd baɪ ðə suːˈpɪriər ɑːrts ʌv hɪz ˌenˈlaɪtənd ˈenəmiz ənd ðə ˈterər ʌv ðer ˈwɔːrlaɪk skɪl bɪˈɡæn tuː səbˈduː ðə ˌrezəˈluːʃən ʌv ðə ˈneɪbərɪŋ traɪbz/
Line 3
The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.
/ðə ənˈfɔːrtʃənət ˈtʃiːftən sɔː hɪmˈself ˈdeɪli strɪpt ʌv ˈpaʊər ənd hɪz ræŋks ˈræpədli ˈθɪnɪŋ ərˈaʊnd hɪm/
Line 4
Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.
Line 5
His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.
/hɪz stɔːrz wɜːr ɔːl ˈkæptʃərd hɪz ˈtʃoʊzən frendz wɜːr swept əˈweɪ frʌm bɪˈfɔːr hɪz aɪz hɪz ˈʌŋkəl wɑːz ʃɑːt daʊn baɪ hɪz saɪd hɪz ˈsɪstər wɑːz ˈkærid ˈɪntuː kæpˈtɪvəti ənd ɪn wʌn ʌv hɪz ˈneroʊ ɪˈskeɪps hiː wɑːz kəmˈpeld tuː liːv hɪz bɪˈlʌvd waɪf ənd ˈoʊnli sʌn tuː ðə ˈmɜːrsi ʌv ðə ˈenəmi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chieftain noun US /ˈtʃiːftən/

the leader of a group of people

From this reading “The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.”

counteracted verb US /ˈkaʊntəræktɪd/

past form of “counteract” — act in opposition to

From this reading “He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.”

escapes noun US /ɪˈskeɪps/

plural of “escape” — the act of escaping physically

From this reading “His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.”

harassed adjective US /hərˈæst/

troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances

From this reading “Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.”

ineffectual adjective US /ˌɪnəˈfektʃuːəl/

not producing an intended effect

From this reading “He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.”

Mohawks noun US /ˈmoʊhɔːks/

plural of “mohawk” — a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living along the Mohawk River in New York State

From this reading “He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.”

subdue verb US /səbˈduː/

put down by force or intimidation

From this reading “He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.”

thinning noun US /ˈθɪnɪŋ/

the act of diluting something

From this reading “The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

attacksnounUS /əˈtæks/

plural of “attack” — (military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

belovedadjectiveUS /bɪˈlʌvd/

dearly loved

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

blowsnounUS /bloʊz/

plural of “blow” — a powerful stroke with the fist or a weapon

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

Canonchet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

captivitynounUS /kæpˈtɪvəti/

the state of being imprisoned

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

capturedverbUS /ˈkæptʃərd/

past form of “capture” — succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

chieftainnounUS /ˈtʃiːftən/

the leader of a group of people

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

counteractedverbUS /ˈkaʊntəræktɪd/

past form of “counteract” — act in opposition to

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

enlightenedadjectiveUS /ˌenˈlaɪtənd/

having knowledge and spiritual insight

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

escapesnounUS /ɪˈskeɪps/

plural of “escape” — the act of escaping physically

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

fatiguenounUS /fəˈtiːɡ/

temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

fortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

fortunesnounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “fortune” — an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

harassedadjectiveUS /hərˈæst/

troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

hungernounUS /ˈhʌŋɡər/

a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

ineffectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪnəˈfektʃuːəl/

not producing an intended effect

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

mercynounUS /ˈmɜːrsi/

leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

MohawksnounUS /ˈmoʊhɔːks/

plural of “mohawk” — a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living along the Mohawk River in New York State

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

Narraganset

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

neighboringadjectiveUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

having a common boundary or edge; abutting; touching

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

raiseverbUS /reɪz/

raise the level or amount of something

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

ranksnounUS /ræŋks/

plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

resolutionnounUS /ˌrezəˈluːʃən/

a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

statesmannounUS /ˈsteɪtsmən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

stirringnounUS /ˈstɜːrɪŋ/

agitating a liquid with an implement

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

storesnounUS /stɔːrz/

plural of “store” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

strippedadjectiveUS /strɪpt/

having only essential or minimal features

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

subdueverbUS /səbˈduː/

put down by force or intimidation

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

suborned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

sweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

talentsnounUS /ˈtælənts/

plural of “talent” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

terrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

thinningnounUS /ˈθɪnɪŋ/

the act of diluting something

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

unclenounUS /ˈʌŋkəl/

the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, and his ranks rapidly thinning around him.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

victimsnounUS /ˈvɪktəmz/

plural of “victim” — an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

warlikeadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːrlaɪk/

disposed to warfare or hard-line policies

From this reading He made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war by stirring up the Mohawks to take arms; but, though possessed of the native talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike skill began to subdue the resolution of the neighboring tribes.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The defeat at the Narraganset fortress and the death of Canonchet were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

whitesnounUS /waɪts/

plural of “white” — a Caucasian

From this reading Some were suborned by the whites; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue and to the frequent attacks by which they were harassed.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading His stores were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the enemy.

Chapter 30 of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon by Washington Irving holds 123 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon contain?

Chapter 30 holds 123 sentences of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 123 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #2048, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 351 minutes of reading across 843 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sketch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Geoffrey
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crayon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.