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The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon
The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon is here in full — 129 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.
He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.
As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.
This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.
These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon is here in full — 129 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.
Line 2
He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.
/hiː hæz bɪˈkʌm soʊ ˈɪrətəbəl frʌm rɪˈpiːtɪd ˈkrɔːsɪŋz ðæt ðə mɪr ˈmenʃən ʌv riˈtrentʃmənt ɔːr rəˈfɔːrm ɪz ə ˈsɪɡnəl fɔːr ə brɔːl bɪˈtwiːn hɪm ənd ðə ˈtævərn ˈɔːrəkəl/
Line 3
As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.
Line 4
This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.
Line 5
These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brawl noun US /brɔːl/

an uproarious party

From this reading “He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.”

crossings noun US /ˈkrɔːsɪŋz/

plural of “crossing” — traveling across

From this reading “He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.”

cudgel noun US /ˈkʌdʒəl/

a club that is used as a weapon

From this reading “As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.”

refractory adjective US /rəˈfræktəri/

not responding to treatment

From this reading “As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.”

retrenchment noun US /riˈtrentʃmənt/

entrenchment consisting of an additional interior fortification to prolong the defense

From this reading “He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.”

rocketing verb US /ˈrɑːkətɪŋ/

-ing form of “rocket” — shoot up abruptly, like a rocket

From this reading “This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.”

thwarting noun US /ˈθwɔːrtɪŋ/

an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts

From this reading “It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.”

wordy adjective US /ˈwɜːrdi/

using or containing too many words

From this reading “As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.”

All words in this reading · 125

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

agreesverbUS /əˈɡriːz/

third-person singular of “agree” — be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

brawlnounUS /brɔːl/

an uproarious party

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

cavalier's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

crossingsnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋz/

plural of “crossing” — traveling across

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

cudgelnounUS /ˈkʌdʒəl/

a club that is used as a weapon

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

daresnounUS /derz/

plural of “dare” — a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

disciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

dissensions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

fainadjectiveUS /feɪn/

having made preparations

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

fieryadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪəri/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

flourishverbUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃ/

grow vigorously

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

half-paynoun

reduced wage paid to someone who is not working full time

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

imaginedverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒənd/

past form of “imagine” — form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

irritableadjectiveUS /ˈɪrətəbəl/

easily irritated or annoyed

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

John'snounUS /dʒɑːnz/

possessive form of “john” — a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

likesnounUS /laɪks/

plural of “like” — a similar kind

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

mentionverbUS /ˈmenʃən/

make reference to

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

neighborhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

nodverbUS /nɑːd/

express or signify by nodding

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

oraclenounUS /ˈɔːrəkəl/

an authoritative person who divines the future

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

orator's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

parentaladjectiveUS /pərˈentəl/

designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

paternaladjectiveUS /pəˈtɜːrnəl/

belonging to or inherited from one's father

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

readilyadverbUS /ˈredəli/

without much difficulty

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

reformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

refractoryadjectiveUS /rəˈfræktəri/

not responding to treatment

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

repeatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈpiːtɪd/

recurring again and again

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

retrenchmentnounUS /riˈtrentʃmənt/

entrenchment consisting of an additional interior fortification to prolong the defense

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

rocketingverbUS /ˈrɑːkətɪŋ/

-ing form of “rocket” — shoot up abruptly, like a rocket

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

roistering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

sabrenounUS /ˈseɪbər/

a fencing sword with a v-shaped blade and a slightly curved handle

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

scandalnounUS /ˈskændəl/

disgraceful gossip about the private lives of other people

From this reading These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

sturdyadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

tavernnounUS /ˈtævərn/

a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

temperamentnounUS /ˈtemprəmənt/

your usual mood

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He has become so irritable from repeated crossings that the mere mention of retrenchment or reform is a signal for a brawl between him and the tavern oracle.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

thwartingnounUS /ˈθwɔːrtɪŋ/

an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

TomnounUS /tɑːm/

male cat

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading These family dissensions, as usual, have got abroad, and are rare food for scandal in John’s neighborhood.

warfarenounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

winkverbUS /wɪŋk/

signal by winking

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It may readily be imagined how little such thwarting agrees with the old cavalier’s fiery temperament.

wordyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrdi/

using or containing too many words

From this reading As the latter is too sturdy and refractory for paternal discipline, having grown out of all fear of the cudgel, they have frequent scenes of wordy warfare, which at times run so high that John is fain to call in the aid of his son Tom, an officer who has served abroad, but is at present living at home on half-pay.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading This last is sure to stand by the old gentleman, right or wrong, likes nothing so much as a rocketing, roistering life, and is ready at a wink or nod to out sabre and flourish it over the orator’s head if he dares to array himself against parental authority.

Chapter 31 of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon by Washington Irving holds 129 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon contain?

Chapter 31 holds 129 sentences of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 129 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Vocabulary met early in The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sketch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Geoffrey
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crayon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Sketch-Book of Geoffrey Crayon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.