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The Socialist
The Socialist

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Socialist is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Socialist
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
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ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.
It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?
Are we moribund?
No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.
The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Socialist

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Socialist is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.
/ˈɑːrθər ˈbɜːrnsaɪdz vjuːz ðɪs wɑːz ðə ˈdɑːkjəment ðæt ðə duːk red wɪð əˈmeɪzmənt ənd ˈɡroʊɪŋ ˈɪntrəst ɪn ðə ɡreɪt ˈempti ˈlaɪbreriː ʌv hɪz ˈpæləs/
Line 2
It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?
Line 3
Are we moribund?
/ɑːr wiː ˈmɔːrəbənd/
Line 4
No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.
/noʊ bɑːrˈberiənz ˌɪnˈdiːd stænd wɪð ˈmenəs ʌv ˈkɑːŋkərɪŋ æt ˈaʊər ɡeɪts bʌt ɪt wɑːz nɑːt ðə bɑːrˈberiənz huː ˌoʊvərˈθruː ðə ˈɡreɪtnəs ʌv ðə ˈroʊmən ˈempaɪər/
Line 5
The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barbarians noun US /bɑːrˈberiənz/

plural of “barbarian” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading “No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.”

burnside's noun US /ˈbɜːrnsaɪdz/

possessive form of “burnside” — United States general in the American Civil War who was defeated by Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Fredericksburg (1824-1881)

From this reading “ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.”

conquering noun US /ˈkɑːŋkərɪŋ/

the act of conquering

From this reading “No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.”

document noun US /ˈdɑːkjəment/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading “ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.”

greatness noun US /ˈɡreɪtnəs/

the property possessed by something or someone of outstanding importance or eminence

From this reading “No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.”

menace verb US /ˈmenəs/

pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading “No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.”

moribund adjective US /ˈmɔːrəbənd/

not growing or changing; without force or vitality

From this reading “Are we moribund?”

overthrew verb US /ˌoʊvərˈθruː/

inflected form of “overthrow” — cause the downfall of; of rulers

From this reading “No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

growing interest noun + noun

In this reading “ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.”

with amazement preposition + noun

In this reading “ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

amazementnounUS /əˈmeɪzmənt/

the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

Areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

ARTHURnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

barbariansnounUS /bɑːrˈberiənz/

plural of “barbarian” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

BURNSIDE'SnounUS /ˈbɜːrnsaɪdz/

possessive form of “burnside” — United States general in the American Civil War who was defeated by Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Fredericksburg (1824-1881)

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

conqueringnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkərɪŋ/

the act of conquering

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

documentnounUS /ˈdɑːkjəment/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

dukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

Goths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

greatnessnounUS /ˈɡreɪtnəs/

the property possessed by something or someone of outstanding importance or eminence

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

Huns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

librarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

menaceverbUS /ˈmenəs/

pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

moribundadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəbənd/

not growing or changing; without force or vitality

From this reading Are we moribund?

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

obviouslyadverbUS /ˈɑːbviəsli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

overthrewverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈθruː/

inflected form of “overthrow” — cause the downfall of; of rulers

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

perorationnoun

a flowery and highly rhetorical oration

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

sweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

VIEWSnounUS /vjuːz/

plural of “view” — a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The greatness had already departed long before the Huns and Goths swept down upon its walls.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading No barbarians, indeed, stand with menace of conquering at our gates, but it was not the barbarians who overthrew the greatness of the Roman Empire.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading ARTHUR BURNSIDE'S VIEWS This was the document that the duke read with amazement and growing interest in the great empty library of his palace.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It was obviously the peroration of an important work-- "Are we already in the position of ancient Rome?

Chapter 16 of The Socialist by Guy Thorne holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Socialist contain?

Chapter 16 holds 131 sentences of The Socialist, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Socialist by Guy Thorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Socialist?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Socialist

Common questions about reading The Socialist by Guy Thorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Socialist?

Yes. All 4951 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40734 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Socialist is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40734, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Socialist take to read?

About 412 minutes of reading across 991 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Socialist section by section

How to work through The Socialist section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of The Socialist to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Socialist

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Socialist, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Socialist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Socialist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Conspiracy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Socialist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Social
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Socialist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.