Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Song of Songs
The Song of Songs

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Song of Songs is here in full — 978 sentences across 196 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Song of Songs
Context Illustration Reading 1/195 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.
She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.
Lilly enjoyed those six weeks immensely.
The winter that followed differed very little from those that had preceded it.
At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Song of Songs

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The Song of Songs is here in full — 978 sentences across 196 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/195 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.
Line 2
She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.
Line 3
Lilly enjoyed those six weeks immensely.
Line 4
The winter that followed differed very little from those that had preceded it.
/ðə ˈwɪntər ðæt ˈfɑːloʊd ˈdɪfərd ˈveri ˈlɪtəl frʌm ðoʊz ðæt hæd prɪˈsiːdɪd ɪt/
Line 5
At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Baltic noun US /ˈbɔːltɪk/

a sea in northern Europe; stronghold of the Russian navy

From this reading “In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.”

cheaply adverb US /ˈtʃiːpli/

in a stingy manner

From this reading “In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.”

coronet noun US /ˈkɔːrəˈnet/

a small crown; usually indicates a high rank but below that of sovereign

From this reading “At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.”

dedicate verb US /ˈdedəkeɪt/

give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

From this reading “She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.”

emblazoned verb US /emˈbleɪzənd/

past form of “emblazon” — decorate with colors

From this reading “At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.”

panels noun US /ˈpænəlz/

plural of “panel” — sheet that forms a distinct (usually flat and rectangular) section or component of something

From this reading “At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.”

Richard's noun US /ˈrɪtʃərdz/

possessive form of “richards” — English literary critic who collaborated with C. K. Ogden and contributed to the development of Basic English (1893-1979)

From this reading “At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.”

widower noun US /ˈwɪdoʊər/

a man whose wife is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading “She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

six weeks noun + noun counted as “six week”

In this reading “Lilly enjoyed those six weeks immensely.”

early autumn adjective + noun

In this reading “In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.”

same year adjective + noun

In this reading “In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

admiringverbUS /ædˈmaɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “admire” — feel admiration for

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

BalticnounUS /ˈbɔːltɪk/

a sea in northern Europe; stronghold of the Russian navy

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

bathing-place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

cheaplyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːpli/

in a stingy manner

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

coronetnounUS /ˈkɔːrəˈnet/

a small crown; usually indicates a high rank but below that of sovereign

From this reading At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

declinedverbUS /dɪˈklaɪnd/

past form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

dedicateverbUS /ˈdedəkeɪt/

give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

differedverbUS /ˈdɪfərd/

past form of “differ” — be different

From this reading The winter that followed differed very little from those that had preceded it.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

emblazonedverbUS /emˈbleɪzənd/

past form of “emblazon” — decorate with colors

From this reading At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading Lilly enjoyed those six weeks immensely.

esteemnounUS /əˈstiːm/

the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded)

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

expressionsnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The winter that followed differed very little from those that had preceded it.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The winter that followed differed very little from those that had preceded it.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

hiredadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪərd/

having services engaged for a fee

From this reading At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

holidaynounUS /ˈhɑːlədeɪ/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

homagenounUS /ˈɑːmədʒ/

respectful deference

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

honourableadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnərəbəl/

worthy of being honored; entitled to honor and respect

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

husband'snounUS /ˈhʌzbəndz/

possessive form of “husband” — a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

immenselyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmensli/

to an exceedingly great extent or degree

From this reading Lilly enjoyed those six weeks immensely.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

innocentlyadverbUS /ˈɪnəsəntli/

in a not unlawful manner

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The winter that followed differed very little from those that had preceded it.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

Lilly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The winter that followed differed very little from those that had preceded it.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

missionarynounUS /ˈmɪʃəneri/

someone who attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or program

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

Ostend

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

panelsnounUS /ˈpænəlz/

plural of “panel” — sheet that forms a distinct (usually flat and rectangular) section or component of something

From this reading At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

Pirna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

precededverbUS /prɪˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “precede” — be earlier in time; go back further

From this reading The winter that followed differed very little from those that had preceded it.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

Richard'snounUS /ˈrɪtʃərdz/

possessive form of “richards” — English literary critic who collaborated with C. K. Ogden and contributed to the development of Basic English (1893-1979)

From this reading At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

seven-pointed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Lilly enjoyed those six weeks immensely.

spinsters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The winter that followed differed very little from those that had preceded it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Lilly enjoyed those six weeks immensely.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

town-clerk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The winter that followed differed very little from those that had preceded it.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At Christmas, Richard's present to her was a hired carriage with the seven-pointed coronet emblazoned on its panels.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Lilly enjoyed those six weeks immensely.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

widownounUS /ˈwɪdoʊ/

a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

widowernounUS /ˈwɪdoʊər/

a man whose wife is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The winter that followed differed very little from those that had preceded it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In the early autumn of the same year, Richard took a husband's holiday, and went to Ostend, while Lilly lived cheaply and innocently at a bathing-place on the Baltic, where she passed as a widow of good birth and position.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading She accepted the admiring homage of several spinsters, allowed a young missionary to dedicate a volume of verse to her, and declined an honourable offer from a widower, town-clerk of Pirna, with expressions of esteem and friendship.

Chapter 31 of The Song of Songs by Hermann Sudermann holds 978 sentences, grouped into 196 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Song of Songs contain?

Chapter 31 holds 978 sentences of The Song of Songs, unabridged, divided into 196 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Song of Songs by Hermann Sudermann exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 978 sentences, grouped into 196 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Song of Songs?

Work through the 196 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 196 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Song of Songs

Common questions about reading The Song of Songs by Hermann Sudermann on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Song of Songs?

Yes. All 10680 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34361 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Song of Songs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34361, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Song of Songs take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2136 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Song of Songs section by section

How to work through The Song of Songs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The Song of Songs to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Song of Songs

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Song of Songs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Diphthong
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Song of Songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represented
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Song of Songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Song of Songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Third
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Song of Songs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.