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The source of the Blue Nile
The source of the Blue Nile

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The source of the Blue Nile is here in full — 124 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.
It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.
The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.
It contains about eight hundred inhabitants.
Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The source of the Blue Nile

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The source of the Blue Nile is here in full — 124 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.
Line 2
It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.
Line 3
The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.
Line 4
It contains about eight hundred inhabitants.
/ɪt kənˈteɪnz əˈbaʊt eɪt ˈhʌndrəd ɪnˈhæbətənts/
Line 5
Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.
/ˈfɔːrmərli aɪ hæv noʊ daʊt ðer wɑːz ə ˈlɑːrdʒər ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən bʌt ðɪs pleɪs laɪk ɔːl ˈʌðər ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈsentərz ɪn ðə lænd ˈsʌfərd səˈvɪrli ɪn ðə deɪz ʌv ðə ˈdɜːrvɪʃ əˈsendənsi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Abyssinia noun US /æbˈsɪniːə/

Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia

From this reading “Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.”

ascendency noun US /əˈsendənsi/

the state that exists when one person or group has power over another

From this reading “Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.”

centres noun US /ˈsentərz/

plural of “centre” — a low-lying region in central France

From this reading “Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.”

Dervish noun US /ˈdɜːrvɪʃ/

an ascetic Muslim monk; a member of an order noted for devotional exercises involving bodily movements

From this reading “Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.”

dominions noun US /dəˈmɪnjənz/

plural of “dominion” — dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading “Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.”

Politically adverb US /pəˈlɪtɪkəli/

with regard to social relationships involving authority

From this reading “Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.”

terminus noun US /ˈtɜːrmɪnəs/

a place where something ends or is complete

From this reading “It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.”

thoroughfares noun US /ˈθɜːroʊferz/

plural of “thoroughfare” — a public road from one place to another

From this reading “The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

main thoroughfares adjective + noun counted as “main thoroughfare”

In this reading “The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.”

suffered severely verb + particle counted as “suffer severely”

In this reading “Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.”

eight hundred adjective + noun

In this reading “It contains about eight hundred inhabitants.”

telegraph line noun + noun

the wire that carries telegraph and telephone signals

In this reading “It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.”

explain why verb + noun

In this reading “It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.”

consists of verb + particle counted as “consist of”

In this reading “The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.”

hundred inhabitants noun + noun counted as “hundred inhabitant”

In this reading “It contains about eight hundred inhabitants.”

on the frontier preposition + article + noun counted as “on … frontier”

In this reading “Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It contains about eight hundred inhabitants.

AbyssinianounUS /æbˈsɪniːə/

Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

Anglo-Egyptian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

ascendencynounUS /əˈsendənsi/

the state that exists when one person or group has power over another

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

centresnounUS /ˈsentərz/

plural of “centre” — a low-lying region in central France

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

consistsverbUS /kənˈsɪsts/

third-person singular of “consist” — originate

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

containsverbUS /kənˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading It contains about eight hundred inhabitants.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

DervishnounUS /ˈdɜːrvɪʃ/

an ascetic Muslim monk; a member of an order noted for devotional exercises involving bodily movements

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

dominionsnounUS /dəˈmɪnjənz/

plural of “dominion” — dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

EasternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading It contains about eight hundred inhabitants.

explainverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪn/

make plain and comprehensible

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

FormerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

Gallabat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading It contains about eight hundred inhabitants.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading It contains about eight hundred inhabitants.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

Menelek's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

PoliticallyadverbUS /pəˈlɪtɪkəli/

with regard to social relationships involving authority

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

presentlyadverbUS /ˈprezəntli/

in the near future

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

severelyadverbUS /səˈvɪrli/

to a severe or serious degree

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

Soudannoun

a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

telegraphnounUS /ˈteləɡræf/

apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire (usually in Morse code)

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

terminusnounUS /ˈtɜːrmɪnəs/

a place where something ends or is complete

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Politically, Gallabat is a place of much importance, as the principal station on the frontier between Abyssinia and the Anglo-Egyptian dominions.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

thoroughfaresnounUS /ˈθɜːroʊferz/

plural of “thoroughfare” — a public road from one place to another

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

tokhuls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

tradingnounUS /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

buying or selling securities or commodities

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

villagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Formerly, I have no doubt, there was a larger population, but this place, like all other trading centres in the land, suffered severely in the days of the Dervish ascendency.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The town consists of two main thoroughfares and of the scattered “tokhuls” which form the villages throughout Abyssinia and the Eastern Soudan.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

wirenounUS /ˈwaɪər/

ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It is the terminus of the telegraph line whose course we had followed along a part of our route, and I shall presently explain why I think it would be difficult to carry the wire from this point into Menelek’s country.

Chapter 4 of The source of the Blue Nile by Arthur J. Hayes holds 124 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The source of the Blue Nile contain?

Chapter 4 holds 124 sentences of The source of the Blue Nile, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The source of the Blue Nile by Arthur J. Hayes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 124 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The source of the Blue Nile?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The source of the Blue Nile

Common questions about reading The source of the Blue Nile by Arthur J. Hayes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The source of the Blue Nile?

Yes. All 4419 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71480 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The source of the Blue Nile is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71480, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The source of the Blue Nile take to read?

About 368 minutes of reading across 884 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The source of the Blue Nile section by section

How to work through The source of the Blue Nile section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The source of the Blue Nile

Words and structures a reader meets early in The source of the Blue Nile, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Africa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The source of the Blue Nile; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Centre
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The source of the Blue Nile; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Interest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The source of the Blue Nile; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shifts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The source of the Blue Nile; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.